366 



MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. 



Acer spfcatnni, 

 Adoxa nwschatcllina, 

 Betida lutca, 

 Circcea alpina, 



Dirca -pahistris, 

 Pellcpa stcllo'i, 

 Viburnum opulus. 



Vegetation of wooded slopes and ravines. 



This group of plants borders and perhaps encroaches upon 

 the moist woods of the valley upon the one hand and the ridge 

 forest upon the other. It covers a large area but does not repre- 

 sent the variety of species that are found in the moist woods of 

 the valley. 



Some of the plants of the wooded slopes and ravines are 



Asj)lemum acrostichoidcs , 

 Asplenium filix-foetnina^ 

 Cast ill ej a coccinea, 

 Cypripediuni hirsutum , 

 CyJ>ripedium specladilis, 

 Cystoj)teris fragilis , 

 E-pilobiuvi coloratuni^ 

 Erechtites hicracifolia,^ 

 Eupatorium ageratoides, 

 Falcata coniosa, 

 Hieraciuni umbellatum^ 

 Hicraciuin scabrum, 

 Hypericum inaculata, 

 Hypericum majus, 



E ilium tcmbellaiutn, 

 Lobelia cordifolia^ 

 Lobelia injiata. 

 On clea s truth iopteris , 

 Osmunda clayto7iiana, 

 Panax quinquefolia^ 

 Pedictilaris canadensis, 

 Polygonatum commutatum, 

 Pteris aquilina, 

 Pubus occidentalism 

 Rubus villosus, 

 Silcne stellata, 

 Smilax hcrbacca, 

 Smilax hispida. 



Ridge forest vegetation. 



Most of the woods upon the ridges are rather open and there- 

 fore present somewhat xerophytic conditions. The principal 

 forest trees of the ridges are those which have been previously 

 mentioned, /. c., Betula papyri/era, Hicoria ovata, ^lercus 

 alba and ^tercus macrocarpa. Scattered trees of other kinds 

 are found on special areas. On the point of a bluff near the 

 village of Freeburg, several trees of Gymnocladzis dioicus were 

 found in one of the most exposed locations that it could obtain. 

 This is a very unusual location for this tree. Prunus virginiana, 

 Juniperus virginiana, Tilia americana and Celtis occidentalis 

 quite frequently grow near or on the rocky summits of the bluffs 

 but do not cover large areas. 



