12 Sierra Club Publications. 



Tsuga Mertensiana Carr. Hemlock Spruce. Only a few 

 small trees of this species were found which grew at the ford 

 across Bubbs Creek. Trunk sloping at base, stem tapering to a 

 very slender pendent apex. Leaves small, flat, with short peti- 

 oles joined to a hard, woody, persistent base. Cones small, 

 numerous, pendent, purple, long and slender. 



Pinus Lambertlana Dougl. Sugar Pine. Leaves 5 in a 

 sheath, 3-4 in. long. Cones long, narrow, cylindrical, from a 

 foot to more than 2 feet long when fully grown, pendent at the 

 ends of the branches the second year, without knobs or prickles. 

 This becomes a tall and large tree with upper branches widely 

 spreading and with the outlines irregular and picturesque. This 

 is common in the region of the sequoias and through the entire 

 region except at the upper elevations. 



Pinus monticola Dougl. Small Sugar Pine. This is 

 smaller than the preceding, with shorter leaves, 5 in a sheath. 

 The cones are 3-8 in. long, without knobs or prickles, and reflexed 

 when the seeds are discharged. This has been reported from the 

 region, but was not collected by the author. 



Pinus Balfouriana Jeffrey. Balfour's Pine. Leaves 5 in 

 a sheath, 1-2 in. long, stifi", curved. Cones pendent, almost 

 orbicular, with thick scales each with a short prickle which soon 

 disappears. This is the commonest pine at upper elevations, 

 abundant around East Lake and Bullfrog Lake. 



Pinus albicaulis Engelm. White Pine. This is a twisted, 

 shrubby pine at timber line, and reaches a higher altitude than 

 any other tree. The leaves are short, 5 in a sheath. The almost 

 orbicular cones are at the ends of the main branches without 

 knobs or prickles on the scales. It receives its name from the 

 color of the bark. This pine is also found below timber line at 

 the upper part of Bubbs Creek, around Bullfrog and East Lakes. 



Pinus ponderosa Dougl. Yellow Pine. Leaves 3 in a 

 sheath, 5-11 in. long, rather thick. Cones ovate, 3-5 in. long, 

 sessile, generally several together. Scales with stout prickles. 

 The bark of this tree is yellow-brown, arranged in plates. 



The variety Jeffrey! Engelm. has larger cones, larger and 

 coarser leaves, and is found at higher elevations than the preced- 

 ing. The bark is much darker, and hence it is often called Black 

 Pine. It is common along Bubbs Creek. 



Pinus Murrayana Balfour. Lodge-pole Pine, Hemlock 

 Pine. Leaves 2 in a sheath, short and rather thick. Cones 

 small and slender, 1-3 in. long, whorled, oblique ; scales with 



