PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 11 



frey, Cooper, and Lyall. Besides these may be mentioned Mo(^'ino, 

 who botanized at Nootka Sound, Vancouver Ishind, in 1T*.)2, and 

 Thaddens Haenke, who was at the same phice in ITOI. Nootka 

 Sound, an important harbor in early times, was also visited by 

 Menzies and by Scouler, and (•()nse(iuently is the type locality of 

 many northwestern s}K'cies. 



MENZIES. 



Archibald Menzies (1754-1842) was the surgeon and naturalist 

 with Vancouver during his explorations from 171)0 to 171)5, during 

 which time a thorough exploration was made of Puget Sound and 

 adjacent waters, and of the Columbia River as far up as the site of 

 Fort Vancouver. Previous to this time Menzies had alieady visited 

 the " North-west Coast" in a trading vessel and had made some col- 

 lections. Sets of his plants are at Kew and in the British Museum. 

 A very few are in the Gray Herbarium. In descriptions, Menzies's 

 plants are connnonly ascribed to the '' Northwest Coast," or to " New 

 Georgia." A considerable number are definitely known to have been 

 collected at Nootka Sound, and it would ])erhaps be possible to ascer- 

 tain the exact source of most of them. 



I.EWIS. 



In conjunction with William Chirk, Meriwether Lewis (1774- 

 ISOD) made the famous transcontinental exjdoration in 1804-1800. 

 All of his botanical collections that concern AVashington plants were 

 )uade on the return trip in 1800, and it has been possible from the 

 labels on the specimens and the detailed journals of the expedition to 

 determine accurately where each specimen was gathered. Most of 

 these which concern Washington plants were collected, or described, 

 from Fort Clatsop, near Astoria, Oreg. ; at the Cascades, or " Grand 

 Pvapids " of the Columbia; at '^ Fort Rock Camp," or The Dalles of 

 the Columbia ; at Camp Chopunnish, on the Clearwater, opposite the 

 ])resent town of Kamiah, Idaho, and at " Quamash Flats," now 

 Weippe Prairie, Idaho. Lewis's plants Avere described by Pursh in 

 1814 in Flora Americae Septentrionalis. A nearly complete set of 

 Ills specimens is in the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences. A few of 

 these are Pursh's actual types, but most of them are duplicates. A 

 curious fact pointed out by Coues is that whenever Lewis described a 

 plant in detail in his journal he rarely collected a specimen. This is 

 notably true of the trees in the vicinity of Fort Clatsop, which Lewis 

 descrilied wnth considerable care. Rafinesque afterwards gave botan- 

 ical names to these trees, based wholly on Lewis's desciiptions. 



