92 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 



Type locality: Cascade Mountains, Oregon, about latitude 44°. Collected by Newbeirv. 



Range: British Columbia, south in the Cascades and Sierras to San Bernardino County, 

 California, eastward to western Montana and to the Blue Mountains. 



Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Pipfr 2095; Smith 1089; Mount Adams, //erwZer- 

 son, August 9, 1892. 



Zonal distribution: Hudsonian. 



In Lyall's report this pine is erroneously referred to as P. fexilis James. 



3. Pinus po nderosa Dough; Lawson, Man. Agr. 55.^. 1836. Yell ow fixe . Blll pine. 

 Type locality: Washington, on the Spokane River. Collected by Douglas. "" ' 

 Range: British Columbia to South Dakota, southward to Texas and New Mexico. 

 Specimens examined: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1351, 1356; Steamboat Rock, 



Grand Coulee, McKay 19. 



Zonal distribution: Arid Transition, but occasional in the Upper Sonoran. 



This is the common forest tree of eastern Washington. West of the Cascade Mountains 

 it occurs locally on the gravelly prairies, as near Hillhurst. For illustrations of yellow- 

 pine forests see Plates XIV and XV, facing pages 49 and 50. 



4. Pinus contorta Dough: Loudon, Arb. Frut. 4: 2292. /. 2210, 2211. 1838. 



Shore pine. Lodgepole pine. 



Pinus murrayana Balf. in Murray, Rep. Bot. Exp. Oregon t. 3.f. 2. 1853. 



Pinus contorta hendersoni Lemmon, Erythea 2: 176. 1894. 



Pinus tenuis Lemmon, Erythea 6: 77. 1898. 



Type locality: "In North-West America, in swampy ground near the sea coast; and 

 abundantly near Cape Disappointment and Cape Lookout.'' Collected by Douglas. 



Range: Alaska to California and Idaho. 



Specimens examined: Westport, fleZZer3946; Mount Rainier, ^l/Zf^n 308; Mount Adams, 

 Suhsdorf, September 28, 1896; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 474; Whited 1356; McAllisters 

 Lake, Henderson, June 22, 1895; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, September 29, 1896, and 1259; 

 Pend Oreille River, Li/a// in 1861: without locality, Vasen'm 1889: Blue Mountains, Piper, 

 July 31 , 1896. 



Zonal distribution: Transitional to Canadian. 



This pine is very variable and by some botanists considered to consist of two species. 

 The typical P. contorta of Douglas is the scrubby tree so common along the ocean coast 

 near the shore. Away from the coast it occurs either in sterile gravelly soil or in sphagnum 

 bogs. It is usually a small tree, but occasional examples are met 90 cm. in diameter and 30 

 meters or more high. East of the Cascade Mountains it forms the " lodgepole pine," Pinus 

 murrayana of some botanists. This ordinarily forms dense forests, often of considerable 

 area, in nearly pure growth, the trees being very uniform in size, 20 or 25 cm. in diameter 

 and 18 to 22 meters high. But occasional specimens are found 90 cm. in diameter and 45 

 meters high. 



If there are any characters by which contorta and murrayaim may be distinguished botan- 

 ically, they remain to be pointed out. None of the slight differences heretofore relied upon 

 are at all constant. 



Some of the earlier botanical writers referred to our tree erroneously as Pinus inops Sol. 

 or Pinus hanhsiana Lamb. 



LARIX. 



Alpine tree ; branchlets and bud scales woolly I. L. lyallii. 



Subalpine tree; branchlets and bud scales glabrous 2. L. occidentalis. 



1. Larix lyallii Pari. Enum. Sem. Hort. Reg. Mus. Flor. 259. 1863. Woolly larch. 



Type locality: "Cascade Mountains et Gallon Ranges Rocky Mountains, latitudinis 

 49° ad 2100 et 2300 m." Collected by Lyall. 



Range: Mountains of British Columbia, south to Mount Hood, Oregon, and to the Lolo 

 Pass, Idaho. 



