VJOLACKAE. 227 



Meadow or swamp species; peduncles of the cleistogamoua 

 flowers erect. 7. V. cucullata. 



Leaves lanceolate, oval, or ovate-lanceolate, often incised at base. 

 Scapes shorter than the leaves. 



Petals scarcely emarginate; leaf -blades sagittate-lanceo- 

 late. 8. V. sagittata. 

 Petals usually emarginate; leaf -blades ovate or deltoid- 

 triangular. 9. V. emarginata. 

 Scapes longer than the leaves. 10. V. fimbriatula. 

 Plants stoloniferous. 



Flowers yellow. 11. V. rotuadifolia. 



Flowers white. 



Leaves from broadly ovate to orbicular; cleistogenes on de- 

 flexed peduncles. 

 Upper and lateral petals twice as long as broad; petioles 



not spotted. 12. V. blanda. 



Upper and lateral petals three times as long as broad; 

 petioles usually red-spotted. 13. V. LeConteana. 



Leaves from narrowly oval to linear; cleistogenes on erect 

 peduncles. 

 Leaf-blades oval to ovate, sometimes pubescent. 



14. V. pritnulae folia. 

 Leaf -blades lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, glabrous. 



15. V. lanceolata. 

 Caulescent, leafy-stemmed; flowers axillary. 



Flowers yellow. 



Plant pubescent or villous; basal leaves early withering. 



16. F. pubescens. 

 Plant sparsely pubescent or glabrate; basal leaves usually persia- 



tent. 17. V. scabriiLscula. 



Flowers blue, purple, white or cream-colored. 



Stipules entire. 18. V. Canadensis. 



Stipules incised or pinnatifid. 



Perennial; stipules much smaller than the blades. 



Petals cream-colored, the lower ones purple-veined. 



19. r. striata. 

 Petals blue or purple, rarely white. 



Spur of the corolla shorter than the petals. 



20. V. MuhlenbergiL 

 Spur of the corolla longer than the petals. 



21. V. rostrata. 

 Annual; stipules nearly as large as the blades. 



22. F. Bafinesquii. 



1. Viola palmata L. M. p. 635. Woodlands. Spring. 



la. Viola palmata dilatata Ell. M. p. 635. Range of type. 

 16. Viola palmata sororia (Willd.) Pollard. M. p. 635. Range of type. 

 Ic. Viola palmata Angelas (Pollard). Dry woods. Spring. 

 Bucks— Argus (Fr.). 



2. Viola Brittoniana Pollard. M. p. 635. Sandy soil near the coast. 



Spring. 

 Bucks— Penn Valley (Cr.). 



Burlington — Springdale (St.). Cape May— Cape May, Tuckahoe (St.). 

 Occon— Point Pleasant (Br.). Mercer— Near Trenton (Br.). 



3. Viola pedata L. Bird's- foot Violet. M. p. 636. Dry fields and hill- 



sides. Spring. 



4. Viola affinis LeConte. M. p. 636. Rich soil in shade. Spring. 



