CISTOIDEiE. 241 



hypog-ynons ; filaments filiform ; anthers short. Style 1, short, deciduous. 

 Capsule ovoid, 1-celled , few- or many-seeded ; the seeds borne on the 

 middle of the valve. 



H. soopariiim, Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. i. 152 (1838). Plant a bushy tuft of 

 slender almost leafless green branches, 1 ft. high ; glabrate, or stellate- 

 pubescent : the few leaves narrowly linear, '^ — 1 in. long : fl. on slender 

 pedicels, solitary or cymose at the ends of the branches : sepals 3 lines 

 long, acuminate, the 2 outer linear and much shorter : petals 4 lines : 

 stamens about 20 : cfipsule equalling the calyx. — Common on dry bushy 

 hills, from Lake Co. southward. 



Order XL. V I L A R I E /E . 



De Oandolle, Flore Francjaise, iv. 801 (1805). Violace^, S. F. Gray, 

 Nat. Arr. ii. 607 (1821) ; Lindl. Synops. 35 (1829). Viol^, Juss. (1789). 



Eepreseuted by a fair number of species of the principal genus of the 

 order, 



VIOLA, Pliny (Violet). Low perennial herbs, with alternate leaves 

 of involute vernation, foliaceous persistent stipules, and 1-flowered 

 axillary peduncles. Flowers 5-merous, often of two kinds ; the earlier 

 complete and conspicuous but often sterile ; the later with rudimentary 

 petals, cleistogamous, producing numerous seeds. Sepals unequal, more 

 or less auricled at base, persistent. Petals uneqiial, the lower one often 

 spurred at base. Stamens hypogynous, the adnate anthers connivent 

 over the pistil, broad, often coherent, the connectives of the two lower 

 often bearing spurs which project into the spur of the petal. Ovary 

 1-celled, with 3 parietal placentae ; style clavate ; stigma 1-sided. Cap- 

 sule 3-valved ; the valves bearing the seeds along the middle. Seeds 

 rather large, with a smooth hard testa, and a large straight embryo in 

 fleshy albumen. 



* Leaves and peduncles all from asnhterraneait routslock. 



1. V. blauda, Willd. Hort. Berol. t. 24 (1806). Rootstock short and 

 erect, or longer and ascending, at length producing runners : leaves 

 round-cordate or reniform, ^ — 2 in. broad, glabrous or minutely pubes- 

 cent, obscurely crenate-toothed : peduncles 1 — 4 in. high : fl. white, the 

 lower petals purple-veined, nearly beardless, 3 — 4 lines long ; spur 

 short. — Wet meadows in the Sierra, at middle elevations. 



2. V. ol>liqiia, Hill, Hort. Kew. 316. 1. 12 (1769): T". cucullata, Ait. Hort. 

 Kew. iii. 288 (1789). Rootstock stoutish, branching, not stoloniferous : 

 leaves glabrous or pubescent, cordate with a broad sinus, the lowest 

 often reniform, the later acute or acuminate, crenate-toothed, cucullate 



