320 UMBELLIFEItiE. 



3. S. erectum, Huds. Fl. Angl. 103 (1762): S. august if olinm, Linn. 

 Sp. PI. 2 ed. ii. 1672 (1763). Bernla angmiifolia, Koch; Mert. & Koch, 

 Deutsch. Fl. ii. 455 (1826). Stem angular, 1—8 ft. high, from a stolou- 

 iferous crown, usually erect, corymbosely branching above: leaflets 

 about 6 pairs, ovate-oblong to linear, 1}4 — 2 in. long, often laciuiate at 

 base, the upper ones usually more or less deeply incised: jjeduncles 12 

 in. long; rays 1 in. or less; involucre and involucelsof 6—8 linear entire 

 lanceolate bracts: fr. '^.^ line long, less compressed than in the above: 

 oil-tubes small, in twos and threes, concealed beneath the corky covering 

 (confluent ribs). — Sierra Co.. Lehinnon, and near Tehachapi, Greene; 

 usually in shallow but cold water, about mountain springs, etc.; 

 apparently not in western California. 



8. CICUTA, Beder (Water Hemlock). Glabrous tall branching 

 perennials of marshes and stream banks. Eootstocks short and erect, or 

 horizontal and rooting from beneath. Leaves pinnately or ternately 

 compound. Umbels of white flowers many-rayed; involucre small or 0; 

 involucels of several small bractlets. Calyx-teeth small, acute. Stylo- 

 podium depressed. Fruit broadly ovate or rounded, slightly compressed 

 laterally, but the commissure narrow; ribs broad, obtuse, corky; oil-tubes 

 solitary in the intervals. Seed subterete. 



* Roo' stock short, erect: roots fascicled, flesliy. 



1. C. Bolanderi, Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xi. 139 (1876); Greene, Pitt. 

 ii. 6. Roots numerous, very coarse, 4—7 in. long, whorled around the 

 base of a short-conical strictly erect axis: stem stout, erect, 4—9 ft. high, 

 purplish below and very glaucous, paniculate from below the middle: 

 radical leaves on petioles 2 ft. long or more, the blade twice or thrice 

 pinnate: leaflets narrowly lanceolate-acuminate. 2—4 in. long, closely 

 and sharply serrate, the setaceous tips of the teeth somewhat spreading. — 

 Marshes about Suisun Bay, near Benicia, Martinez, Suisun, etc. ; also in 

 similar situations (always within reach of tide-water) near Napa. 



2. C. occideutalis, Greene, Pittouia, ii. 7 (1889): C. maculata, Bot. 

 Calif., not Linn. Roots few, at the base of a more slender often some- 

 what ascending axis, 3—5 in. long, fusiform, often % in. thick above the 

 middle: stem stout, 3—6 ft. high, green, scarcely glaucous, paniculate 

 from toward the base: leaves bipinnate; leaflets 2—3 in. long, narrowly 

 lanceolate, coarsely serrate.— In the Sierra Nevada, the type on the east- 

 ward slope mainly or wholly. Farther westward, at Tehachapi, etc., in a 

 taller coarse leaved form, which may be a variety or a distinct species. 

 This is known only in flower. June. 



* -X- Rootstock horizontal, only partly or not at all subterranean, emitting 

 roots from beneath only; roots fleshy-fibrous, cylindrical. 



3. C. Califoruica, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. vii. 344(1868); Greene, Pitt. 



