346 CARPIFOLIACEiE. 



climbing shrubs, with leaves either membranous or subcoriaceous, 



occasionally stipulate. Flowers larger and showy, in pairs on an axillary 



peduncle, or verticillate-spicate at the ends of the branches. Oalyx-limb 



small and 5-toothed, or obsolete. Corolla more or less gibbous at base, 



or bilabiate, or both. Stamens 5, on the tube of the corolla. Ovary 



2 — 3-celled, becoming a few-seeded purple or red or yellow berry. — A 



rather too heterogeneous assemblage, doubtless better received as several 



distinct genera, according to the views of the earlier sytematists. 



* Sterns erect, never twining or climbing; leaves all distinct; fl. axillary, 



2 on each slender peduncle, their ovaries distinct or connate, the 



corollas % in. long; calyx-limb minute or obsolete. — 



Genus Xylosteon of many authors. 



1. C. coeruleum, Lam. Fl. Fr. ii. 366 (1778); Linn. Sp. PI. i. 174 (1753), 

 under Lontcera. Low (1 — 2 ft.), pubescent or glabrate: leaves thin, 

 pale or glaucescent, ovate-oblong, obtuse, entire, 1 in. long or more: 

 peduncles shorter than the flowers: corolla ochroleucous, gibbous at 

 base, narrowly funnelform, scarcely at all bilabiate: bracts subulate or 

 linear, commonly larger than the ovaries; these completely united, 

 forming a roundish or ovoid 2-eyed sweetish berry which is black but 

 glaucous. -From Mariposa Co. northward, in the Sierra Nevada. 



2. C. coiiju^iale, O. Ktze. Rev. Gen. i. 274 (1891); Kell. Proc. Calif. 

 Acad. 67 (1862), under Lonicera. L. Breioeri, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. vi. 

 537 (1865). Shrub 3—5 ft. high, freely branching and bushy: leaves 

 thinnish, bright green, pubescent when young, ovate or oval, acute or 

 acuminate, 1 — 2io in. long, short-petioled : peduncles slender, 3—5 times 

 the length of the dark maroon flowers: bracts subulate, caducous; calyx- 

 teeth subulate: corolla 4 — 5 lines long, gibbous-campanulate, the upper 

 lip crenately 4-lobed, throat and lower part of filaments and style very 

 hirsute: berries red, almost wholly connate. — Woods of the higher Sierra. 



3. C. involucratum, O. Ktze. 1. c; Banks in Richardson, App. Frank. 

 Voy. 5 (1823); Spreng. Syst. i. 759 (1825), under Lonicera; Bot. Reg. t. 

 1179. Erect, 1 — 3 ft. high: leaves large, thin, ovate-elliptical, acuminate, 

 short-petiolate, 2 — 3 in. long, pubescent on the veins beneath and on the 

 margin: peduncles short, the fl. subtended by a pair of large ovate 

 foliaceous bracts: calyx-limb obsolete: corolla yellowish, gibbous at 

 base, narrowly funnelform, with scarcely spreading lobes; these com- 

 monly acutish: berries distinct, black. — A species of the Rocky Mountain 

 and far northeastern regions, perchance reaching our borders in the 

 Sierra eastward. The next has needlessly been confused with it, being 

 clearly distinct. 



4. C. Ledebourii, Greene. Esch. Mem. Acad. Petrop. x. 284 (1826), 

 under Lonicera. L. Mociniana, DC. Prodr. iv. 336 (1830): L. intermedia, 



