VALERIANE^. 353 



1. VALERIANA, T'o»)-/if/oc<(VAiiEKiAN). Perenuials, with roots more 

 or less lieshy, aud with a peculiar unpleasant odor. Flowers in terminal 

 cymes. Calyx of 5 — 15 setiform lobes, which are inrolled aud scarcely 

 seen in the flower, in fruit unrolling and appearing like a plumose 

 pappus to the fruit. Corolla salverform, the tube not spurred. Stamens 

 3. Ovary ripening into a flattened achene, which is mostly 1-nerved on 

 one face, 3-nerved on the other, and with a more or less distinct nerve 

 on each margin. 



1. V, sylvatica, Banks ; Richards. App. Frankl. Journ. 2 ed. 2 

 (1823). Minutely pubescent, or almost glabrous; stem 8—30 in. high, 

 from short ascending rootstocks : radical leaves mostly simple aud ovate 

 to oblong, or some 3 — 5-foliolate ; cauline more or less distinctly pet- 

 ioled, 3 — 11-foliolate or -parted, the divisions entire or few-toothed: 

 fruiting cymes open, thyrsoid-paniculate : corolla 3 lines long, the tube 

 short. — In subalpine moist places of the Sierra Nevada. 



2, VALERIANELLA, Tournefort. Low and dichotomous, or taller 

 and simpler annuals, with cymose inflorescence. Corolla more or less 

 bilabiate, spurred or gibbous at base. Calyx-limb none, therefore no 

 pappus to the variously winged often meniscoid glabrous or pubescent 

 fruit. 



* Steins dichotomous ; fruit not obviously winged or meniscoid. — 

 VaijEbianella proper. 



1. y. OLiTORiA, Poll. Palat. i. 30 (1776). Only 3-6 in. high, slightly 

 pubescent: fl. very small, the corolla-limb barely a line wide, pale blue: 

 achenes obliquely obovoid, with midnerve more or less distinct on both 

 faces. — Waste lands about San Francisco; infrequent. 



* * Not dichotomous ; cymes thyrsoidly congested at summit of the almost 



simple stem ; achenes usually winged laterally, often appearing 



meniscoid. — Genus Pleotritis, DC. 



2. V. iiiacrocera, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xix. 83 (1883) ; T. & G. Fl. 



ii. 50 (1841 ), under Plectritis. Corolla white, only a line long, with stout- 

 ish spur sometimes as long as the body, sometimes shorter ; limb some- 

 what equally spreading, hardly bilabiate, or equally 4-lobed and the 

 posterior lobe emarginate-bifid: fr. glabrous or puberulent, obtuse or 

 lightly lineate-sulcate on the dorsal angle, the broad wing, circumscrib- 

 ing the ventral face of the achene, spreading or incurved. — On hillsides. 

 April— June. 



3. V. ciliosa, Greene, 1. c. Slender, erect, simple, seldom a foot high : co- 

 rolla small, deep pink, very distinctly bilabiate, the slender and tapering 



