COMPOSITE. 355 



simple, longitudinal or subcapitate. Fruit acbene-like, crowned with 

 the calyx-liiub, 1-seeded. Seed pendulous ; albumen tiesliy. 



1. DIPSACUS, Tournefort (Teasel). Tall coarse biennials with 

 muricate or prickly stem and foliage ; the cauline leaves connate. 

 Involucre of rigid spreading unequal bracts ; bracts of receptacle rigid* 

 acuminate. Involucel sessile, 4-angled, 8-ribbed, terminated by 4 short 

 teeth. Calyx-limb cup-shaped, quadrate or 4:-lobed. Corolla lunnelform, 

 4-cleft. 



1. D. FUiiiiONUM, Mill. Diet. (1768.) Stout, erect, very rough with short 

 prickles, 4 — 6 ft. high ; radical leaves 8 — 12 in. long, elliptic-lanceolate? 

 arcuate ; cauline connate-perfoliate: heads large, ovoid or oblong, on 

 stout naked peduncles: bracts of receptacle rigid, recurved at the tips, as 

 long as the flesh-colored corollas: stamens exserted. — Very common 

 coarse weed in low and rich waste lands. 



2, SCABIOSA, Brunfels. Soft unarmed plants, with peduncled 

 globose or hemispherical heads, the Howers of the outer circle often 

 larger than the others. Receijtacle bearing hairs or soft scales among 

 the flowers. Calyx-limb a cup-shaped border with 4 or more teeth or 

 bristles. Corolla funnelform or salverform, often slightly irregular. 



1. S atropxjkptjRea, Linn. Sp. PI. 100 (1753). Suffrutescent, freely 

 branching, 2 —3 ft. high: radical leaves lyrate ; cauline pinnate, the seg- 

 ments oblong, toothed or incised: heads low hemispherical, in fr. ovate: 

 corollas dark maroon to rose-purple, flesh-color, and white, the outer 

 circle of them larger and exceeding the involucre ; calyx-limb pedicellate, 

 in fruit bearing 5 pappus-like bristles. — An escape from the gardens of 

 old-fashioned flowers, and become a luxuriant street and wayside weed 

 in many places. 



Order LXIV. COMPOSIT/E. 



Vaillant, Act. Acad. Paris, 143 (1718); Adans. Fam. ii. 103 (1763)- 

 CoRYMBiFER^ of Jussciu (1789), and of many earlier authors. 



Herbs or shrubs with watery or resinous (never milky) juice, foliage 

 various, the individual flowers small, in dense closely involucrate heads, 

 the head often resembling a simple flower. Calyx wholly or partially 

 adherent to the 1-celled, 1-ovuled ovax-y ; the limb represented, if at all, 

 by one or more scales, awns or bristles called the pappus. Corollas 

 tubular, palmatifid or ligulate ; the tubular ones 4 — 5-toothed or -cleft, 

 often called disk-corollas ; the ligulate commonly toothed at apex, known 

 as the ray-corollas. Stamens mostly 5, syngenesious, their anthers thus 



