356 COMPOSITE. 



forming a tube around the style. Pollen-grains globose, echinate. 

 Style in all fertile flowers 2-cleft at summit (except in one suborder), 

 stigmatose on the margin, the upper portion of the forks usually not 

 stigmatose, often variously hairy or appendaged. Fruit 1-seeded, inde- 

 hiscent, commonly crowned by its pappus of capillary or plumose 

 bristles, or of scarious scales ; at the insertion on the common receptacle 

 often subtended by a bract ; this commonly called the chaff: the recepta- 

 cle described as naked when the chaff is wanting: the surface of the 

 receptacle being diagnosed as alveolate, foveolate, or merely areolate, 

 according as the insertion of the achenes forms deeper or shallower 

 depressions ; or fimbrillate when the receptacle around these scars rises 

 in teeth, or awns. —Our largest natural order, so-called, of flowering 

 plants ; the genera and species most conveniently considered under 

 subordinal, natural, by not easily definable groups. 



Rays none ; style branches elongated, usually clavate-thickened upward and obtuse ; 

 stigmatic only below the middle 1. KUPATORIAt'K-K. 



Rays usually present ; anthers not caudate ; style-branches of perfect flowers flattpned, 

 and with a distinct terminal appendage 3. ASTERACE^E. 



Rays none; anthers caudate ; style-branches of perfect flowers with no appendage; 

 the stigmatic lines reaching almost to the naked truncate or obtuse summit. 



3. CJlVAPHAlilACE.*:. 



Rays none ; fertile fl. apetalous or nearly so ; the staminate involucres forming a 

 raceme above the axillary pistillate one ; pappus none -t. AMBROHIACE^K. 



Rays seldom wanting; anthers not caudate ; involucre not scarious; receptacle 

 chaffy; pappus never of capillary bristles 5. HELiIAMTHACE.^E. 



Rays present, fertile, the achenes of each more or less enfolded by its involucral 

 bract ; receptacle chaffy, style-branches subulate, hispid 6. MADIACE.I5. 



Rays present ; receptacle naked, or merely fimbrillate ; pappus paleaceous or aristi- 

 form, or when bristly rigid 7. HEliE]«IOII>E.A:. 



Anthers not caudate ; bracts of involucre more or less scarious ; style-branches 

 truncate ; pappus a scarious crown, or a circle of small scales, or wanting. 



8. AXTHEMIDE.E. 



Anthers not caudate ; receptacle naked ; involucres not imbricated, mostly cylin- 

 drical, the bracts not scarious ; jjappus of many soft-capillary bristles. 



9. SEXECIOKIBEJE. 



Rays none : anthers caudate ; style-branches united, stigmatic to the obtuse summit, 



smooth and naked, but often with a pubescent node below ; receptacle densely setose. 



^ lO. CY'XAROCEPHAIi.K. 



Flowers bilabiate, the marginal ones with lower lip elongated and ray-like ; styles 

 with long truncate branches II. »HJTISIACEA\ 



