COMPOSITE. 359 



high, fcuftetl from a wooily base, and paniculately branched, the short 

 leafy branchlets terminated by 1 — 3 rather large heads: leaves snbcor- 

 date or ovate, scabrous in age, sparingly denticulate or almost entire 

 the larger % in. long, those of the branchlets only 1 or 2 lines: heads 

 nearly 3^ in. long, about 15-flowered ; inner bracts of involucre firm, 

 the outer with greenish spreading tips, the outermost passing into the 

 small leaves of the branchlets. — Eastern slope of the Sierra, near Lake 

 Tahoe, etc. 



7. C. a:raii(iifloriis, O. Ktze. 1. c; Hook. Fl. ii. 26 (1834), under 

 Eupatovinin. Pu1)eruleut or almost glabroixs: stem 2 — 3 ft. high, herba- 

 ceous from a fleshy perennial root: leaves deltoid-cordate, or the upper 

 deltoid-lanceolate, 2—4 in. long, coarsely dentate-serrate and with an 

 entire acuminate apex: heads terminal, nodding, in a cymose panicle: 

 involucre 14. — % ^^- lon^i about 40-flowered, its bracks thinnish, scarious- 

 margined, obtuse or acutish, or some of the outer and shorter with a 

 subulate acuminatioii : pappus white, merely scabrous, somewhat decid- 

 uous. — Yosemite Valley and northward, in the Sierra Nevada. 



Suborder 2. AsTERACEiE. 



Plants with a watery (never balsamic) juice, destitute of aromatic and 

 bitter qualities, the leaves and heads only, in some, resinous. Leaves 

 mostly alternate. Eeceptacle seldom chaffy. Anthers obtuse and 

 entire, or only emarginate at base. Style-branches not clavate, often 

 with filiform, or shorter and broader, papillose or hispid appendage. 

 Pappus in most of ours of rather firm scabrous bristles. Disk-flowers 

 yellow, changing to red or inirple in some of the genera having 

 cyanic rays. 



Hints of the <iienera. 



* Flowers of both ray and disk permanently yellow. 



Pappus of several short scales, - - - - - - - - - --4, 5 



Pappus of a few stout deciduous awns, ---------- g 



Pappus of few and persistent slender bristles, ------- 7 



Pappus of many and persistent slender bristles ; 

 Heads with ligulate ray flowers ; 



Heads few, J^ in. high, spicate or racemose, ----- 10, 18 



Heads many, panicled or cymose ; 



Ray-achenes with no pappus, -.-..- g 



All the achenes pappose ; 



Pappus simple, -.--...ji 

 Pappus double, ----.-.-9 



