COMPOSITE. 387 



or reddish-brown. — In moiafc ground, at higher than middle elevations 

 of the Sierra, and probably on the eastern declivity only. 



•*— -t^ Heads solitary or sub-corymbose; rays longer, broader and spreading. 



2. E. Philadelphicus, Linn. Sp. PI. ii. 863 (1753). Hirsute, 1—3 ft. 

 high: radical leaves obovate or spatulate, the scattered cauline ones 

 oblong or oblong-lanceolate, with broad clasping base, all irregularly 

 toothed: heads less than 1 in. broad, in an ample loose terminal cymose- 

 corymb: rays very many and narrow, fiesh-color to bright pink. — Along 

 streamlets and the borders of boggy places, in both Coast Range and 

 Sierra. 



3. E. glaucus, Ker. Bot. Reg. 1. 1. 10 (1815). Aster Californkus, Less. 

 Liunasa, vi. 121 (1826). Monocephalous and somewhat leafy branches 

 several, from a stoutish branching and very leafy caudex; plant com- 

 monly pale (hardly glaucous) and more or less villous or hirsute: leaves 

 obovate to spatulate-oblong, 2—4 in. long, entire, or with a few serra- 

 tures; those of the branches gradually reduced to bracts: heads l^g in- 

 broad including the numerous though not very narrow lilac to light- 

 violet rays. — Along the seaboard only, either in sandy soil, or on cliffs 

 overhanging the sea; flowering at almost all seasons. 



i. E. saiictarnm, Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xxiv. 83 (1889). Only 

 ■4 8 in. high, erect, slender and rather leafy, from slender branching 

 rootstocks, the stem naked and monocephalous at summit: leaves entire, 

 the lowest oblanceolate, the upper linear, pubescent: heads of middle 

 size; involucre of linear acuminate bracts in 2 series, the outer hispid- 

 ulous: rays very numerous, purple. — Santa Inez Mountains, and also 

 toward the sea in the same region. 



5. E. simplex. E. uniflorus of American authors, not of Linnaeus. 

 Stem solitary, simple, 2—10 in. high, monocephalous, nearly glabrous 

 below, more or less hairy above, and the involucre densely villou.s- 

 hirsute: lowe.st leaves spatulate, obtuse, the cauline oblanceolate to 

 linear, acutish: head nearly an inch broad including the broad spreading 

 white or pinkish rays — Alpine on the high summits of the Sierra north- 

 ward. Common in the Rocky Mountains, and hitherto confused witli 

 the Old World E. unijtorus, which has twice as many very narrow an<l 

 erect purple rays. 



6. E. frondeus. Stoutish, erect, llo— 2 ft. high, with u copious tuft 

 of radical leaves, and free propagation by subterranean slender ottshoots; 

 herbage green but scabrous-hirsutulous, the short hairs appressed: basal 

 leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 3—5 in. long including th*- 



