COMPOSITE. 407 



48. RJJDBECKIA, Liitnxus. Tall perennials, with alternate leaves, 

 and few lony-peduucleil terminal heads; ray-flowers neutral or none; 

 those of the disk dark-brown, forming a conical head, the receptacle 

 being nearly columnar. Achenes 4-angled, laterally compressed, crowned 

 with a persistent chaff-like cup, or with 4 teeth more or less united. 



1. R. Californica, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. vii. 357 (1868). Stem 3 ft. 

 high, mostly simple and with a long naked monocephalous peduncle : 

 leaves ovate-lanceolate, coarsely and sparingly serrate or incised, some 

 of the cauliue lyrately 3-parted: cylindric disk IJ^ in. high, the broad 

 yellow rays nearly as long. — At the Mariposa Big Trees. Bolatider. 



2. K. occidentalis, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 355 (1840). Size 

 of the last: leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 4 — 8 in. long, irregularly 

 and sparingly toothed, the upper sessile by a rounded or subcordate 

 base, the lower narrowed to a short winged petiole: heads as in the last, 

 but rays none. — Mountains of Butte Co., Bidwell, and at Summit Soda 

 Springs, Greene. 



49. BALSAMORBHIZA, Nutlall. Rather coarse but low mostly 

 acaulesceat vernally flowering perennials, with thick roots which exude 

 a terebinthine balsam, and bear a tuft of long-petioied leaves and several 

 monocephalous scapes. Involucre broad ; bracts large, imbricated. 

 Chaff of receptacle linear-lanceolate. Rays large, fertile. Achenes desti- 

 tute of pappus, those of the ray oblong, of the disk quadrangular. 



1. B. Hookeri, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 349 (1840). Canes- 

 cent with a fine appressed pubescence: leaves a foot long, once or twice 

 pinnately parted, lanceolate in outline: scape often 2-leaved near the 

 base: involucral bracts linear or lanceolate, acuminate. — Hills of Sonoma 

 and Alameda counties, where it seems out of place, being plentiful on 

 dry elevated plains far northeastward. 



2. B. sagittata, Nutt. 1. c. 350. Silvery-canescent with a somewhat 

 woolly pubescence: leaves entire, cordate-sagittate to deltoid-hastate, 

 4—9 in. long, erect on elongated petioles: scape mostly with 2 or 3 heads: 

 involucre woolly. — Eastern slope of the Sierra mainly. 



3. B. (leltoidea, Nutt. 1. c. 351. Green and somewhat pubescent, or 

 glabrous: leaves deltoid-cordate, usually serrate, sometimes entire, 3-9 

 in. long, long-petioled: heads 1 or 2 to each .scape: bracts of the invo- 

 lucre lanceolate or linear, obtuse. —Moist ground in the Coast Range. 



4. B. Bolanderi, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. vii. 356 (1868). Glabrous, 

 glutinous, stout, low, leafy-stemmed, with mostly scales instead of 



