COMPOSITE. 435 



ing, glabrous, leafy throughout: leaves thin, ovate-deltoid or ovate-cor- 

 date, acute, cruuate, 3 — 4 in. long, petioled, resinous-dotted beneath.— 

 Wooded canons at Santa Barbara. 



72. HELENIASTRUM, Valllant. Perennial herbs, erect, with ses- 

 sile mostly decurrent leaves, and long-peduncled heads; the herbage 

 more or less resinous-dotted. Rays numerous, cuneate; disk-flowers 

 very many. Involucre of 1 or 2 series of small herbaceous bracts. Re- 

 ceptacle globose, naked. Style branches with capitate-truncate tips. 

 Achenes turbinate. Pappus in ours of awn-pointed paleae. 



1. H. Hoopesii, O. Ktze. Rev. Gen. i. 342 (1891); Gray, Proc. Phiiad. 

 Acad. 1863, p. 65, under Helenium. Stout, 1 — 2 ft. high, leafy, bearing 

 1 — 6 large terminal heads on rather slender peduncles; young herbage 

 somewhat woolly, in age glabrate: leaves large, oblong-lanceolate, or 

 the lowest spatulate with a long tapering base: rays many, 1 iu. long, 

 cuneate-liuear, 2 — 3-toothed, tardily reflexed: palese of the pappus lan- 

 ceolate, tapering into an awn-like point. — Subalpine species, found long 

 ago at Sonora Pass, by Brewer and Bolander, but not since observed in 

 California. 



2. H. Bolanderi, O. Ktze, 1. c; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. vii. 358 (1868), 

 wndev Helenium. Stout,! — 2 ft. high, simple, or with few pedunouli- 

 form branches, these long, naked, thick, enlarged at summit: leaves 

 obovate to broadly oblanceolate, entire: heads large, the disk 1 in. in 

 diameter; rays about 1 in. loug, cuneate, 3-lobed, deflexed: palese of the 

 pappus lanceolate or subulate, usually beset with 3 or 4 almost bristle- 

 like teeth, and tapering into a slender awn. — Moist meadows near the 

 sea, in Humboldt and Mendocino counties. 



3. H. Big'elovii, O. Ktze, 1. c; Gray, Pac. R. Rep. iv. 107 (1857), under 

 Helenium. Stout, 2 — 4 ft. high, erect, parted above into several stoutish 

 very erect pedunculiform monocephalous branches: leaves lanceolate, 6 

 in. loug or more, thickish aud somewhat fleshy, almost gummy to the 

 touch, aud with some tomentose pubescence: rays showy, ;^4 in. long: 

 disk brownish-yellow: pappus-palese ovate-lanceolate, tapei-ing into a 

 long awn. — Common in brackish marshes at the upper end of San Fran- 

 cisco Bay, in Sonoma and Solano counties; plentiful near Suisun. This 

 is my Heleniastrum occidentale, of the Manual, but is doubtless the type 

 of Gray's H. Bigelovii. July — Oct. 



4. H. rivulare. Commonly 2 ft. high, simple, or parted above the 

 middle into several long pedunculiform monocephalous branches: leaves 

 oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate, thin and membranaceous, not in the 



