COMPOSITE. 479 



* * * Involucral bracts appressed, the slender spine at their tips more or 

 less abruptly spreading. 



13. C. hydrophilus, Greene, 1. c. 358. Rather slender, freely branch- 

 ing above, 3 5 ft. high; when young pale with a fine thin arachnoid 

 pubescence, in maturity green and glabrate: leaves not large, deeply cut 

 into uniform 3-lobed segments: heads 1 in. high, somewhat clustered at 

 the ends of the branches; involucre ovate, the appressed-imbricate 

 bracts with a green and glutinous ridge toward the summit, and ending 

 in a short slender somewhat spreading spine.— Brackish marshes about 

 Suisun Bay. July— Sept. 



14. C. inamopims. Habit of the last, but smaller, 2—3 ft. high, 

 hoary-tomentose even in age: heads as small, similarly glomerate in 

 twos or threes at the ends of the branches, but bracts of the broader and 

 more spherical involucre more numerous and more closely imbricated, 

 ovate, destitute of the glutinous ridge, and tipped with a more distinct 

 and prominent slender spine : segments of the dull- white corolla 

 scarcely half the length of the throat.—Common on the eastern foothills 

 of the Sierra Nevada, from Plumas Co. southward to the Truckee Valley. 

 It forms a part of the Cnicus Breweri Vaseyi of Gray, but is not the 

 plant of Vasey's collecting. It is also my C. undulatus Nevadensis. 

 July— Sept. 



15. C. Dnimmoiidii. Cirsium Drummondii, T. & G. Fl. ii. 459 (1843). 

 Dwarf, subacaulescent, the stout stem only a few inches high, very 

 leafy, terminating in a few clustered subsessile small heads with pale 

 purplish tlowers: lanceolate piunatifid leaves green above, slightly 

 arachnoid-tomentose beneath, ciliate-spinulose: bracts of the involucre 

 ovate and ovate-lanceolate, ending in a short often suberect stout spine: 

 segments of the corolla shorter than the throat.— Moist subalpine 

 meadows on the eastern slope of the Sierra. July— Sept. 



16. C. validus. Very robust, 1—2 ft. high, from a biennial root, 

 leafy throughout, pale-green and apparently glabrous, a lens revealing 

 a short and scanty arachnoid pubescence especially on the lower face of 

 the ample deeply laciniate-pinnatifld leaves, the lobes of these deeply 

 cleft and rigidly spinescent: large subsessile or stout-peduncled heads 

 2 in. high, ovate; bracts numerous, closely imbricated, ovate and oblong- 

 lanceolate, coriaceous, with rigid subulate and spinescent spreading 

 tips: corollas white, their segments little shorter than the throat: pappus- 

 bristles very fine, more than 1 in. long, naked at the slender tip, other- 

 wise sparsely soft-plumose.— Hills of the interior, in Kern Co., etc. Has 

 been confused with C. quercelorum. June, July. 



