co-MPOsiT^. (composite family.) 221 



on short hirsute petioles ; the upper ones sessile and commonly entire ; heads 

 somewhat corymbose, rather large ; exterior scales of the involucre ovate, 

 acute, short-ciliate ; the interior oblong, obtuse ; achenia broadly obovate, 2- 

 toothed. — Var. dentatcm. Lower leaves on rather long petioles, sometimes 

 incisely toothed; achenia slightly emarginate at the apex. (S. dentatum. Ell.) 

 — Dry open woods, Florida to North Carolina. July - Sept. — Stem 2° - 4° 

 high. Leaves 3' - 5' long. Rays showy. 



6. S. laevigatum, Ell. Smooth ; leaves thick, lanceolate-oblong, acute at 

 each end, opposite, coarsely serrate, on short petioles ; the upper nearly sessile ; 

 heads small, loosely corymbose ; scales of the involucre ovate, obtuse, spread- 

 ing ; achenia oval-obovate, narrowly winged, emarginate and slightly 2-toothed 

 at the apex. — Western districts of Georgia and Alabama. July - Sept. — Stem 

 2° - 3° high. Lowest leaves 6' - 8' long. 



7. S. SCaberrimum, Ell. Stem rough-hairy ; leaves mostly opposite, 

 ovate, acute, serrate, rigid, very rough on both sides, on short petioles ; heads 

 corymbose ; scales of the involucre ovate, ciliate ; achenia nearly orbicular, 

 broadly winged, deeply notched at the apex. — Western districts of Georgia and 

 Alabama. August and Sept. — Stem stout, 3° - 4° high, becoming smoothish. 

 Leaves 3' -4' long. Heads larger than in the last. 



■*- •»- Stems square. 



8. S. perfoliatum, L. Stem and branches smooth or hairy ; leaves large, 

 opposite, ovate or ovate-oblong, coarsely toothed, rough on both sides, or pubes- 

 cent or hairy beneath, their bases, or winged petioles, united ; the uppermost 

 commonly entire, simply serrate ; corymb trichotomous ; the central heads long- 

 peduncled ; scales of the involucre ovate, obtuse ; achenia broadly obovate, 

 emarginate. (S. connatum, L. S. integrifolium. Ell ?) — Banks of streams 

 along the mountains of Georgia, and northward. July - Sept. — Stem 4° - 6° 

 high. Leaves 6' - 12' long. Heads large. 



33. BERLANDIERA, DC. 



Heads many-flowered. Ray-flowers few, pistillate ; those of the disk tubular, 

 5-toothed, sterile. Scales of the involucre in three rows, the innermost largest, 

 membranaceous, adherent to the fertile achenia. Receptacle chaffy ; the chaff" 

 dilated upward, obtuse, hooded, partly embracing the sterile achenia ; the inner 

 ones gradually narrower. Fertile achenia in a single row, obovate, flattened, 

 wingless, pubescent on the inner face, the apex entire. — Perennial downy or 

 hoary herbs, with alternate leaves, solitary or corymbose heads, and yellow 

 rays. 



1. B. tomentosa, Torr. & Gray. Stem leafy, hoary-tomentose ; leaves 

 oblong-ovate, crenate, hoary beneath, closely pubescent above ; the lowest taper- 

 ing into a petiole ; the upper cordate, sessile ; heads at length numerous, corym- 

 bose-pan icled. (Silphium pumilum, Michx.) — Dry pine barrens, Florida to 

 North Carolina, and westward. June -August. — Stem 1°- 3° high. Leaves 

 2' - 3' long. 



19* 



