226 COMPOSITE, (composite family.) 



leaves partly united below ; the interior of about 8 small chaffy scales. Chaff 

 of the conical receptacle lanceolate, acute. Achenia obovoid, nearly terete, 

 truncated. Pappus none. — A low hairy and clammy perennial herb, with large 

 sessile or connate, oval or oblong, coarsely toothed leaves, and large solitary 

 heads of yellow flowers, on long peduncles. 



1 . T. helianthoides, L. — Dry sandy soil, Florida to North Carolina. 

 July. — Stems several, stout, l°-lj° high. Leaves 4' -6' long. Head 2' in 

 diameter. 



44. ECHINACEA, Moench. 



Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers pistillate, but sterile, drooping ; those 

 of the disk tubular and perfect. Scales of the involucre lanceolate, imbricated 

 in three or more rows, spreading. Receptacle at length conical. Chaff of the 

 receptacle rigid, spine-pointed, longer than the disk-flowers. Achenia short, 

 4-sided, crowned with a cup-shaped toothed pappus. — Pei-ennial sparingly 

 branched herbs, with alteniate undivided 3- 5-ribbed leaves, and large heads ter- 

 minating the peduncle-like summit of the stem or branches. Rays red, purple, 

 or white. 



* Rays elongated, purple or white. 



1. E. purpurea, Moench. Stem simple, or with peduncle-like branches, 

 smooth or hairy ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrate, rough ; the lowest ones ovate, 

 on long petioles ; scales of the involucre imbricated in 3 - 5 rows, ciliate ; rays 

 about 12, lanceolate, purple. — Varies with the stem and leaves smooth; rays 

 strap-shaped, white. — Rich woods in the upper districts. June -August. — 

 Stem 2° - 5° high. Rays 2' - 3' long. 



2. E. angustifolia, DC. Hirsute ; stem simple ; leaves lanceolate, en- 

 tire, 3-ribbed ; the lowest tapering into a long petiole ; scales of the involucre 

 imbricated in 2-3 rows; rays 12- 15, nanow, pale purple. — Prairies and low 

 barrens, Alabama, and westward. May -July. — Stem l°-3° high. Lowest 

 leaves j° long. 



* * Rays short, dark red. 



3. E. atrorubens, Nutt. Smooth, or rough throughout with white ap- 

 pressed hairs ; stem simple, furrowed ; leaves rigid, entire, shining ; the lowest 

 linear-lanceolate, narrowed into a petiole, 3-ribbed ; the upper few and remote, 

 linear, sessile ; scales of the involucre in three rows ; rays about 9, wedge-shaped, 

 shorter than the ovate dark purple disk ; chaff of the receptacle short-cuspidate, 

 about as long as the disk-flowers ; pappus 4-toothed — Low pine barrens, Geor- 

 gia and Florida. June -August. — Stem 2° high. Lowest leaves ^° long. 

 Heads ^' in diameter. Plant turns black in drying. 



45. RUDBECKIA, L. 



Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers neutral ; those of the disk tubular, per- 

 fect. Scales of the involucre in about two rows, leafy, spreading. Receptacle 

 conical or cylindrical ; the chaff not rigid, and mostly shorter than the disk- 

 flowers. Achenia smooth, angled, truncated Pappus a narrow border, or none. 



