MUSTARD FAMILY 43 



sessile or the style very short. Cotyledons incumbent. — About 30 species, all 

 continents. All of our species are annual, though no. 3 is sometimes biennial. 

 ( Greek sisumbrion, the ancient name of some plant of this family. ) 



Pods closely appressed, subulate; seeds in 1 row; leaves pinnatifid 1. S. officinale. 



Pods spreading. 



Pods elongated-linear or thread-like, 2 to 4 inches long; seeds in 1 row; leaves pinnately 



parted, dimorphic, the lower with broad lobes, the upper with filiform lobes 



2. S. altissimum. 

 Pods Vo to 1% inches long; leaves not of two distinct sorts on one plant. 



Leaf -blades not divided, entire, merely dentate or sinuately lobed, mainly in a basal 



rosette; seeds in 1 row 3. £f. thalianum. 



Leaf -blades deeply divided (that is, pinnate or bi- or tri-pumate). 

 Seeds in 1 row. 



Leaves with a large terminal more or less entire lobe and commonly 1 or 2 



pair of salient lobes at base 4. S. irio. 



Leaves divided into many segments. 



Leaves bi- or tri-pinnately dissected, with linear or linear-lanceolate seg- 

 ments; pods 9 to 15 lines long 5. S.sophia. 



Leaves pinnate with oblong pinnatifid segments; pods (1^/^ or) 4 to 8 



lines long 6. S. incisum. 



Seeds in 2 rows. 



Leaves with finely dissected segments; pods glabrous, 2 to 5 lines long 



7. S. pinnatum. 



Leaves with oblong pinnatifid segments ; pods sparsely pubescent, 7 to 9 lines 



long 8. S. cumingianum. 



1. S. officinale Scop. Hedge Mustard. Stem rigid, 1 to 4 feet high, with 

 divaricate branches above ; herbage a little rough-hispid ; leaves lyrately and often 

 somewhat runcinately pinnatifid or pinnately parted with dentate or coarsely 

 toothed segments, petioled, the lowest rosulate and 4 to 10 inches long; petals yel- 

 low ; pods terete, 6 lines long, tapering from base to summit, nearly sessile, closely 

 appressed to the axis in a long slender raceme. 



Naturalized from Europe, a very common weed of waysides, pastures and 

 waste places, 5 to 2500 feet : chiefly cismontane. Apr.-May. 



Historical note. — This species probably came into California at a very early day, doubtless 

 during the Franciscan Mission period, but we notice no botanical record of it until it is set down 

 by Torrey as having been collected in 1855 at Benicia by Bigelow (Pac. E. Eep. 4=:66, — 1857). 

 During the last sixty years it has been one of the more abundant weed species in waste lands 

 about towns and settlements. 



The following is a field note. — "We are now encamped on Eedwood Creek, at Berry ranch, 

 northern Humboldt Co., and an old Eedwood Lidian is giving in his own tongue to Dr. P. E. 

 Goddard, my companion, the names of the plants about our camp. The Indian has a name for 

 most of the undoubted natives and also for Achillaea millefolium L. and Anthemis cotula L. ! 

 But he rejects Sisymbrium officinale L., Capsella bursa-pastoris L. and Centaurea melitensis L. 

 as 'White Man's weeds'. 'When White Man come, he [suiting action to word and picking up a 

 sprig of Centaurea melitensis L., Napa Thistle, from under foot] come plenty', he said." — Jepson 

 Field Book, 8:47 (ms), Hupa Expedition, June 25, 1902. 



Locs. — Paskenta, w. Tehama Co., Jepson 16,326 ; Van Duzen Eiver, opp. Buck Mt., Tracy 

 2808; Williams, Colusa Co., Davy 4273; Vacaville, Jepson; Olema, Jepson 13,384; Walnut Creek, 

 Brewer 1044; Berkeley, Jepson; Shepherd Cove, Tulare Co., W. Fry 425; Arroyo Seco, Los 

 Angeles, Peirson 2109; San Bernardino, Parish; Eamona. 



Eefs.— Sisymbrium officinale Scop. PL Cam. ed. 2, 2:26 (1772); Jepson, PI. W. Mid. 

 Cal. 215 (1901), ed. 2, 183 (1911) ; Man. 420 (1925). Erysimum officinale L. Sp. PI. 660 (1753), 

 type European. 



2. S. altissimum L. Tumbling Mustard. Stem erect, much branched above, 

 2 to 31/2 feet high; herbage nearly glabrous or sparsely hirsute below; leaves pin- 

 nately parted; lower leaves large, petioled, the lobes i/4 to 1 inch broad, entire or 

 dentate; upper leaves reduced, with linear or filiform segments; petals yellowish, 

 fading white, 3 lines long; pods spreading, linear or subfiliform, 3 to 4 inches long, 

 on stout pedicels. 



