MUSTARD FAMILY 47 



sparingly ciliate along the midrib; blades of basal leaves oblong-ovate to lance- 

 olate, entire or remotely serrate, 3 to 4 inches long, on petioles nearly as long; 

 cauline leaves sessile, sagittate at base; flowers 1 to II/2 lines long; stigma broad, 

 sessile; pods 4 to 7 lines long on slender pedicels, erect at first but eventually 

 pendent, becoming dark purple at maturity. 



European species, naturalized in Siskiyou Co., a troublesome pest in Scott 

 Valley, springing up from the root when cut down; known locally as Marlahan 

 Mustard. 



Locs. — Yreka, W. L. Kleaver; Scott River Valley, Butler 804. 



Refs. — ISATis TINCTORIA L. Sp. PI. 670 (1753), type European; Jepson, Man. 422 (1925). 

 For the history of the woad dye industry see J. B. Hurry, "The woad plant and its dye" (pp. 

 1-328, pis. 1-17. 1930). 



7. CAKILE L. 



Maritime branching annual with fleshy leaves and rather small purplish or 

 white flowers. Pod fleshy, or when ripe, dry and corky, 1-celled, jointed in the 

 middle, the 2 joints 1-seeded, the upper joint at length deciduous, the lower one 

 persistent. Cotyledons accumbent. — Species 4, sea and lake shores, North Amer- 

 ica, Europe, tropics. (Arabic name.) 



1. C. edentula Hook. var. calif ornica Fer. Sea Kocket. Stems decumbent, 

 often 2 feet long; leaf -blades oblanceolate or narrowly obovate, crenate or shal- 

 lowly sinuate-toothed; pod 7 to 12 lines long, the lower segment cylindrical, the 

 upper ovoid and acuminately narrowed to a flattened truncate often retuse beak. 



Sea beaches : San Diego to Humboldt Bay; north to Vancouver Island. June- 

 Sept. 



Note on indigenous status. — Long regarded as introduced, there is at the present day a 

 tendency on the part of some botanists to regard our Cakile of the California coast as a native 

 plant. There are, however, some plausible reasons of a negative kind for looking upon it as 

 introduced. None of the early explorers (1786-1835) obtained it so far as known to us. H. N. 

 Bolander, a first-rate observer, makes no mention of it in his Catalogue of the Plants of the 

 Vicinity of San Francisco (1870). The genus is not included in the Botany of the California 

 Geological Survey (1876-1880). It is not until a full century after the first botanists examined 

 our shores that Cakile appears in the California literature, when it is recorded by Behr (Fl. Vic. 

 S. F. 224, — 1888), who cites only one locality, "Berkeley salt marshes." From this time forward, 

 for reasons often sufficiently obvious in regard to questions of nativity, authors seldom make 

 an explicitly positive statement as to our form of Cakile edentula. Greene says "probably 

 indigenous" (FI. Fr. 277 — 1891). In 1892 K. Brandegee includes it in her Catalogue of the 

 Flowering Plants of San Francisco as an alien (Zoe 2:340). In the Synoptical Flora (r:132, — 

 1895) Robinson says "perhaps introduced". Millspaugh (Field Mus. Bot. 2:130,-1900) says 

 "introduced". The statement of Fernald (Rhod. 24:23,-1922) implies that it is a native spe- 

 cies. At the present day no botanist could collect on the ocean strand of San Francisco County 

 without finding Cakile at nearly any season of the year. If it were an inhabitant of those much- 

 frequented beaches from 1850 to 1870 or 1885, it would seem remarkable that it was not obtained 

 by at least some one of the several botanists of the California Academy of Sciences or by many 

 botanical travelers. 



Locs.— San Diego; Newport, Orange Co., Alice King; Carmel, Newlon 105; Pillar Point, 

 San Mateo Co., C. F. Baker 1746; San Francisco, Jepson 10,237; West Berkeley, Bioletti; Bo- 

 linas, J. T. Howell 2256; Ft. Bragg, W. C. Mathews 161; Samoa, Humboldt Bay, Tracy 1266. 



Kefs.— Cakile edentula Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1:59 (1830). Bunias edentula Bigel. Fl. 

 Bost. 157 (1814), type loc. Mass. Var. califobnica Fer. Rhod. 24:23 (1922); Jepson, Man. 

 422 (1925). C. californica Hel. Muhl. 3:10 (1907), type loc. Monterey, Heller 6856. C. ameri- 

 cana Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 216 (1901), ed. 2, 183 (1911). 



8. RAPHANUS L. Radish 



Coarse much-branched annuals or biennials. Lower leaves lyrately pinnate 

 or pinnatifid, shortly petioled. Flowers large, purple or yellow, or becoming 

 white. Petals long-clawed. Pod thick, beaked by the stout style, 1-celled, filled 



