48 CRUCIFERAE 



witli sponiry or corky lissuo, li;j:litly constricted between the seeds or even monili- 

 form, indcliiscent or eventually breakin<^ transversely into 1-seeded joints. Seeds 

 subg:lobose, cotyledons conduplicate. — Species about 6, Europe and Asia, (Greek 

 raphanos, quick-appearing, on account of the prompt germination of the seeds.) 



1. R. sativus L. Wild Radish. Branching widely, 2 to 5 feet high; herbage 

 nearly glabrous or hispid with scattered, hairs; blades of lower leaves pinnatelj'^ 

 parted, crenate, the terminal segment large and round, the lateral smaller, ovate 

 or oblong, sessile with the upper side adherent to tlie midrib, the lower lobe free; 

 blades of upper leaves mostly toothed, or with a few small lateral segments; flowers 

 8 to 9 lines broad; petals purple or white; pods 3 to 4 lines broad, 1 to 3 inches long, 

 with one to several constrictions, 2 to 3-seeded, or the body of the pod globose and 

 1-seeded. 



Common weed of waste places in towns and villages and about country settle- 

 ments. Naturalized from Europe. May-Aug. 



Locs. — Chico, Heller 11,560; Vacaville, Jepson 5k; Berkeley, Jrpson 126e; French Camp, 

 San Joaquin Co., Sanford ; Pacific Grove, Parish 11,570; Santa Ana, Alice King; Escondido, 

 C. V. Meyer 122; Witch Creek, AJderson. 



Refs.— Raphantjs sativus L. Sp. PI. 669 (1753), tvpe European; Parish, Muhl. 5:126 

 (1909) ; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 217 (1901), ed. 2, 185 (1911), Man. 422 (1925). 



R. KAPHANISTRUM L. Sp. PI. 669 (1753), type European; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 218 

 (1901), ed. 2, 185 (1911) ; Man. 422 (1925). Jointed Charlock. Flowers yellow or white; pod 

 moniliform, (1 or) 4 to 10-seeded. — Native of Europe, occasionally adventive: San Diego; San 

 Jacinto Valley; San Bernardino (Muhl. 5:126); Pacific Grove; San Francisco; Berkeley; Elk 

 Grove; Yosemite. 



9. BRASSICA L. Mustard 



Ours annuals or biennials, either glabrous or sparsely hispid with coarse hairs, 

 the lower leaves usually lyrately pinnatifid or pinnate, the upper disposed to be 

 more or less entire. Flowers large, yellow. Lateral sepals more or less gibbous at 

 base. Petals with long claw and abruptly spreading limb. Papilla-like glands 4, 

 green, rather large, alternating with the claws of the petals. Pod terete, terminat- 

 ing in a stout beak; valves 1 to several-nerved. Seeds in 1 row, globose. Cotyle- 

 dons conduplicate, incumbent. — Species about 80, eastern hemisphere. All of our 

 species are naturalized weeds. (The Latin name for cabbage.) 



Bibliog. — Lambert, A. B., Note on the Mustard plant of the Scriptures (Trans. Linn. Soc. 

 17:449-450, — 1837). Pieters, A. J., and Charles, Vera K., Seed coats of certain species of the 

 genus Brassica (U. S. Dept. Agr., Division of Botany Bull. 29:1-19, figs. 1-6,-1901). 

 Pods ascending on spreading pedicels; annual. 



Stem-leaves with the blades auriculate or cordate-clasping; beak terete 1. B. campcstris. 



Stem-leaves Avith the blades petioled or merely sessile; beak flattish 2. B. arvensis. 



Pods closely appressed to the stem. 



Stems glabrous or nearly so; pods somewhat quadrangular, the beak short; annual 



3. B. nigra. 



Stems retrorse-hispidulose ; pods terete, the beak % as long as the body, commonly contain- 

 ing a seed; perennial 4. B. incana. 



1. B. campestris L. Common Yellow Mustard. Turnip. Rutabaga. Erect, 

 sparingly branched, 1 to 6 feet high; herbage succulent, glaucous, and glabrous 

 save for some bristle-bearing pustules on the upper surface of the lower leaves; 

 blades of cauline leaves all sessile and clasping by an auricled base; blades of the 

 lower leaves irregularly serrate or denticulate, and pinnatifid or pinnate with the 

 terminal segment very large and the lateral segments sessile by a broad base and 

 more or less decurrent on the rachis, the blades of the upper ones lanceolate and en- 

 tire; flowers 6 to 8 lines broad; sepals narrowly oblong, yellowish, ascending; petals 

 with elliptic limb; pods terete, IVi to V/o inches long, narrowed into a subulate 

 beak, tipped with a flat stigma. 



Naturalized European weed, abundant throughout California. Feb.-Apr. 



