SAXIFRAGE FAMILY 117 



A. Fruit a capsule; ovary superior or partly inferior. 

 Styles 2, distinct; leaves alternate, or mostly basal (in no. 13 opposite, in ours), without stipules 

 (but see nos. 4, 5 and 8) ; herbs. — Tribe Saxifrageae. 

 Sterile filaments none. 



Ovary 2-eelled and placentae axile. 



Stamens 10 ; ovary slightly inferior or free. 

 Leaves not peltate. 



Flowers appearing with or after the leaves; stems from rootstocks or 

 fibrous roots. 



Petals ovate to roundish ; petioles not jointed with the blades 



1. Saxifraga. 

 Petals spatulate; petioles jointed with the blades, persistent on the 



rootcrown 2. Saxifeagopsis. 



Flowers appearing before the leaves; stems from a corm-like root; petals 



spatulate _ 3. Jepsonia. 



Leaves peltate, 1 to 2 feet broad 4. Peltiphtllum, 



Stamens 5, 



Petals deciduous; ovary % to % adherent to the calyx 5. Botkinia, 



Petals persistent; ovary superior 6. Bolandra. 



Ovary 1-celled with 2 parietal placentae alternate with the styles or stigmas. 

 Petals 5. 



Stamens 10. 



Petals entire, almost filiform ; capsule early and unequally 2-valved to the 



base 7. Tiaeella. 



Petals usually laciniate or toothed ; capsule equally 2-valved. 



Petals white or pink, clawed; styles 3; rootstocks slender, tuberous.... 



8 Lithophragma. 

 Petals red, sessile; styles 2; rootstock stout, not tuberous-9. Tellima. 

 Stamens less than 10 



Petals cleft or pinnatifid; stamens 5 (in ours) 10. Mitella. 



Petals entire. 



Calyx campanulate or turbinate; stamens 5; capsule 2-beaked with 



the styles but not lobed 11. Heuchera. 



Calyx tubular; stamens 3; capsule deeply 2-lobed, the beaks strongly 



diverging 12. Tolmiea. 



Petals none; stamens 8 13. Chuysosplenium. 



Sterile filaments present; ovary 1-celled with 3 or 4 parietal placentae opposite as many 



stigmas; fertile stamens 5 14. Parnassia. 



Styles 3 to 5, distinct, or more or less united into one ; fruit a capsule ; leaves opposite, without 

 stipules; shrubs. — Tribe Hydrangeae. 

 Stamens 20 to numerous ; seeds numerous ; styles persistent. 



Stvles 3 to 5, distinct at least at apex; ovary inferior, completely 3 to 5-celled; capsule 



obconic or obovoid 15. Philadelphus. 



Style 1, short; ovary half -inferior, imperfectly 5 (2 to 8) -celled; capsule depressed- 

 globose or ovoid 16. Carpenteeia. 



Stamens less than 20 ; styles 3 to 5. 



Styles persistent; stamens 10; calyx-lobes pubescent; flowers (in ours) pink, in cymes.... 



17. Jamesia. 



Styles deciduous; stamens 8 to 12; calvx-lobes glabrous; flowers white, in racemes 



18. Whipplea. 

 B. Fruit a berry; ovary wholly inferior. 

 Leaves alternate, with stipules; styles 2, or more or less united into one; shrubs. — Tribe Grosstt- 



LAEIAE.. - 19. ElBES. 



1. SAXIFRAGA L. Saxifrage 



Herbs, the leaves entirely or mainly in a basal cluster. Flowers white, in 

 panicles or close or capitate cymules. Calyx cohering with the base of the ovary or 

 almost free, 5-cleft or -parted. Petals entire, commonly deciduous. Stamens 10. 

 Styles 2. Capsule 2-beaked, 2-celled, opening down or between the beaks, or some- 

 times the fruit consists of 2 nearly separate follicles. Seeds numerous. (Latin 

 saxum, a rock, and f rango, to break. ) 



Bibliog.— Engler, A., Monographic der Gatt. Saxifraga L. mit besonderer Berucksichtigung 

 der geographischen Verhaltnisse (1-292, map,— 1872). Gray, A., Notes on some N. Am. species 

 of Saxifraga (Proc. Am. Acad. 20:8-12,-1884). Small, J. K., New and noteworthy species of 



