128 SAXIFRAGACEAE 



Shady canons and woods near the coast, 200 to 2000 feet : Santa Cruz Mts. to 

 Humboldt Co. Nortli to ]\Iontana and Alaska. May-July. 



Locs.— Soqucl Creek, Santa Cruz Mta., Jrpsnn 13,4G2; Calito, Mendocino Co., Jepson 13,464; 

 Pepperwood, lower Eel River, Jepson 1914; Bull Creek, near Dyervillc, Jepson 12,359; Carlotta, 

 Humboldt Co., M. S. Baker 82c; Areata, Chesnut ^ Brew. Ore.: Ashland Butte, Jepson 2571. 



IJofs. — TiARELLA UNIFOLIATA llook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1:238, t. 81 (1834), type loc. headwaters 

 of the Columbia River, Rocky Mts., Drumrnond; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 270 (1901), ed. 2, 200 

 (1911), Man. 4G0 (1925). Ileuchera longipetala Moc. & Ses. Calq. des Dessins, t. 423 (1874). 

 T. unifoliata var. proccra Gray, Bot. Cal. 1:199 (1876). Ilenehcra californica Kell. Proc. Cal. 

 Acad. 5:53 (1873), type loc. San Gregorio Creek, San Mateo Co., Kellogg Sr Brannan, is thought 

 to belong hero (Bull. Cal. Acad. 1:136). T. californica Rydb. N. Am. Fl. 22:118 (1905). 



8. LITHOPHRAGMA Nutt. 



Perennial herbs, the rootstocks tuberous or with grain-like bulblets. Stems 

 simple, bearing a simple terminal raceme of several white or pink flowers. Leaves 

 chiefly basal, their petioles with stipule-like dilations at the base. Calyx-tube 

 adherent to the base or lower half of the ovary. Petals inserted in the sinuses of 

 the calyx, cleft or toothed or entire, usually a little unequal. Stamens 10, included. 

 Ovary 1-celled, with 3 parietal placentae and 3 very short styles. Capsule conical. 

 Seeds numerous. — Species 7, western North America. (Greek lithos, rock, and 

 phragma, fence, referring to the habitat.) 



Bibliog. — Gray, A., [Revision of] Lithophragma (Proc. Am. Acad. 6:533-535, — 1865). 

 Greene, E. L., The' genus Lithophragma (Erythea 3:102-103, — 1895), 



Basal leaves crenate or shallowly lobed; petals white, entire or toothed; mostly cismontane. 



Calyx-tube turbinate; petals mostly 3-toothed at apex, the central tooth rather larger; ovary 



half free from the calyx 1. L. affinis. 



Calyx-tube shortly campanulate, broad. 



Calyx-tube acutish at base; petals entire; ovary half -free from calyx.... 2. L. cymbalaria. 

 Calyx-tube rounded or truncate at base ; petals toothed or entire ; ovary almost wholly 

 free from calyx. 



Base of petal blade not involute, not toothed 3. L. heterophylla. 



Base of petal blade somewhat involute, minutely toothed or laciniate..4. L. scabrella. 

 Basal leaves twice palmately parted or divided; petals pink or pinkish, rarely white, palmately 

 or pinnately 3 to 5 (or 7) -cleft or -parted; transmontane, or in ranges bordering the 

 desert or the Great Basin. 



Stems with black bulbils crowded in the axils 5. L. glabra. 



Stems not bulbiferous. 



Calyx broadly campanulate, acute at base 6. L. tenella. 



Calyx broadly clavate 7. L. parviflora. 



1. L. aflBnis Gray. Woodland Star. Stems 9 to 16 inches high, hispidulous, 

 the hairs spreading and glandular ; basal leaves often bronze-brown, the blades 

 roundish in outline and crenately lobed, varying into the cauline; blades of the 

 cauline leaves mostly parted into 3 broad divisions which are deeply incised or 

 merely toothed; pedicels about equaling the turbinate calyx; raceme 7 to 10- 

 flowered. 



Open ground or open woods of the foothills and valleys, 150 to 2000 feet: 

 coastal Southern California; Coast Kanges; Great Valley. Mar.-May. 



Locs. — Coast Ranges: Mesa Grande, San Diego Co., E. Ferguson 309; Paso Robles, Benj. 

 Cohb; Corral Hollow, Mt. Hamilton Range, Jepson 9571; Mt. Tamalpais, Chesnut 4" Drew; Calis- 

 toga, Jepson 4029; Salt Gulch, Greasevrood Hills, w. Tehama Co., Jepson 13,466; Klamath 

 Hills, near Yreka, Butler 687. Sierra Nevada: Vernal Fall, Yosemite, Jepson 10,457; Curtin 

 Mdws., below Tuolumne Big Trees, Jepson 10,534; Phoenix Lake, Sonora, A. L. Grant 663; 

 Kyburg, Eldorado Co., Francis Eamaley 11,271. Sacramento Valley: Little Oak, nw. Solano Co., 

 Jepson 13,468; South Peak, Marysville Buttes, Jepson 13,469. Like L. heterophylla T. & G., 

 L. affinis Gray is a variable species. Towards the margin of its range, as in Southern California 

 and in the Sierra Nevada foothills, it tends to intergrade to L. heterophylla. 



Eefs. — Lithophragma affinis Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6:534 (1865), type loc. near San 

 Francisco, Brewer; Jepson, Man. 460 (1925). Tellima affinis Bol. Cat. PI. S. F. 11 (1870) ; Gray, 

 Bot. Cal. 1:198 (1876), Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 270 (1901), ed. 2, 199 (1911). L. trifida 



