172 ROSACEAE 



hcterophylla. Back of the coast on protected north slopes the California Blackberry is nearly 

 always an element in the soft chaparral. In the Oakland Hills, and elsewhere, where Baccharis 

 pilularis DC. is a pioneer in invasion of grass land on favorable slopes, there follow in Rubus 

 vitifolius, Ptcris aqnilina, Rhus diversiloba and Rhaninua californica. Dry areas of the state 

 pive it no suitable habitat. In the Sierra Nevada foothills from Mariposa Co. south to Kern Co. 

 it is either infrequent or absent, though on north slopes in the half-open lower pine forest of the 

 northern Sierra Nevada it is very common in such places as the Feather River woods. 



Tax. note. — It is im])ortant that complete material of Rubus vitifolius, illustrating fully the 

 life history, be collected in all parts of the state, in order to form a basis for a more critical 

 treatment than has hitherto been possible. Such important structures as young canes or sterile 

 branches are usually lacking in herbarium specimens, and no satisfactory criteria for analysis or 

 segregation of this species by use of the flowering shoots alone has yet been discovered. The 

 characters of the leaves and prickles, which are usually utilized in the genus, vary so much even 

 in the same individual as to be essentially useless for diagnostic purposes. 



Locs. — S. Cal.: Palomar Mt., San Diego Co., T. Brandcfjre; San Bernardino, Parish; Pacoima 

 Canon, San Gabriel Mts., Peirson 380; San Gabriel Canon, San Gabriel Mts., C. E. Hutchinson; 

 Las Flores Canon, Santa Monica Mts., Barber 60; lower Sespc Creek, Ventura Co., Epling 4- 

 Ellison. Coast Ranges: San Luis Obispo, Gondii ; Jolon, Monterey Co., Jcpson; Mill Creek, Santa 

 Lucia Mts., Jepson; Del Monte, Monterey Co., Heller 6682 ; Tunitas Creek, San Mateo Co., Jcpson; 

 Saratoga Creek, Santa Cruz Mts., Jepson; San Antonio Creek, Alameda Co., Kellogg; Crystal 

 Springs Lake, San Mateo Co., Elmer 4664; Berkeley Hills, Jepson; Walnut Creek, Contra Costa 

 Co., Brewer 1813; Mitchell Canon, Mt. Diablo, Jepson; Hubbards sta., s. Humboldt Co., Davy 

 5401 ; Weott, Humboldt Co., Jepson 16,528 ; Hupa, n. Humboldt Co., Jepson 1965 ; Delta, Shasta 

 Co., Jepson 6176; Sisson, Siskiyou Co., Jepson 13,881; Shasta River near Yreka, Butler 287. 

 Sacramento Valley: Grand Isl., lower Sacramento River; Hardings Ldg., lower Feather River, 

 Jcpson 13,882. Sierra Nevada: Mariposa Co. foothills (Zoe 3:28) ; Italian Bar, Tuolumne Co., 

 A. L. Grant 11 ; North Fork American River near Auburn, Bolander 4532 ; Rich Pt., Feather River, 

 Jepson ; Lamoine, Shasta Co., BlanTcinship. 



Refs. — Rubus vitifolius C. & S. Linnaea 2:10 (1827), type loe. San Francisco, Chamisso; 

 Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 280 (1901), ed. 2, 207 (1911), Man. 482, fig. 477 (1925). E. ursinus 

 C. & S. I.e. 11, type loe. San Francisco, Chamisso. B. ursinus var. glabratus Presl. Epim. Bot. 197 

 (1851), type loe. Monterey, Haenke. B. eastwoodianus Rydb. N. Am. Fl. 22 :460 (1913), type loe. 

 Mt. Tamalpais, Marin Co., Bydberg 6238. 



Rubus laciniatus Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 550 (1809). Cut-leaf Blackberry. Plants 4 

 to 8 feet high; leaves palmately compound with mostly 5 divisions, orbicular in outline, 4 to 8 

 inches long, the rachises ^4: to 1% inches long, each bearing 3 or 5 leaflets or the basal rachises 

 sometimes bearing simple but deeply pinnatifid leaflets; leaflets laciniately toothed and cleft, 1 

 to 2% inches long; flowers white or pale pink, in panicles; berry black. — European garden plant, 

 commonly cultivated in California and occasionally escaped: Strawberry, Tuolumne Co., A. L. 

 Grant 182 ; lone ; Sonoma Co. ; betw. Shelter Cove and Ettersburg, L. T. Dempster 1039a; Garber- 

 vUle, Humboldt Co., ace. Peirson ; Castella, Shasta Co., Condit. 



Rubus recurvans Blanch. Rhod. 6:224 (1904). Yankee Blackberry. Stems glabrous, 3 

 to 7 feet long, at first erect, later recurved and often rooting at tips; prickles rather straight, 

 rather slender, somewhat retrorse ; leaves 4 to 7 inches long, with 5 palmately disposed leaflets, 4 

 of these sessile or on petiolules 1 to 4 lines long, the fifth or terminal one borne on a rachis V2 to 

 1 inch long and either simple (often 3-lobed) or replaced by 3 leaflets; leaflets broadly ovate, 

 abruptly acute or acuminate, coarsely serrate, or irregularly and partially doubly serrate, puberu- 

 lent, 11/4 to 2% inches long; fruit elongate, V2 to % inch long. — Native of northeastern North 

 America, escaped from cultivation and naturalized in logged-off redwood land at Scotia, Hum- 

 boldt Co. (Tracy 7828). 



5. R. pedatus Sm. Alaska Berry. Stems slender, trailing, rooting at the 

 nodes, 1 to 2 feet long; herbage (especially the petioles) lightly villous; leaves with 

 3 leaflets, each of the lateral leaflets divided into 2 nearly separate leaflets; leaflets 

 ovate, broadly cuneate at base, irregularly serrate, 5 to 9 lines long; peduncles erect, 

 % to 21/4 inches long, 1-flowered; flowers 5 lines wide; petals ovate, white, 2i/^ to 3 

 lines long; berry red, consisting of 2 to 5 drupelets, somewhat persistent on the re- 

 ceptacle; peduncles recurved in age. 



Woods in the mountains, 5000 to 6000 feet : Humboldt Co. North to Alaska. 

 June-July. 



Loes.— South Fork Mt., Humboldt Co., ace. Tracy; Trinity Summit, ace. Tracy. 



Ref. — Rubus pedatus Sm. Ic. PI. 3 :pl. 63 (1791), type loe. western North America, Mensies. 



