ROSE FAMILY 173 



9. FRAGARIAL. Strawberry 



Perennial herbs, the leaves and flowers in a basal tuft, giving off prostrate stems 

 or runners. Leaves 3-foliolate, with membranous stipules and cuneate-obovate 

 serrate leaflets. Flowers white, borne in cymes on a naked scape. Calyx persistent, 

 bearing 5 bractlets alternate with the calyx-lobes. Petals obovate, short-clawed. 

 Stamens about 20. Pistils numerous, distinct, borne on an elevated convex recep- 

 tacle; styles lateral. Fruit berry-like, formed of the enlarged succulent receptacle 

 which bears the minute seed-like achenes. — Species 8, north temperate zone, also 

 Mexico and Chile. (Name in reference to the fragrance of the berry.) 



Leaves very thick and leathery, with evident reticulate veinlets; flowers very large, % to 1^ 



inches broad ; sea-shore 1. F. chiloensis. 



Leaves rather thin, occasionally rather thick, but never with evident reticulate veining; flowers 

 smaller, % to 1 inch broad. 

 Achenes in deep pits in the receptacle ; at least the terminal leaflet usually short-petiolulate ; 

 inflorescence subumbellate, rather compact and usually shorter than the leaves; 



Sierra Nevada and n. Cal., above 4000 feet 2. F. virginiana. 



Achenes superficial or in shallow pits ; leaflets subsessile ; inflorescence usually irregularly 



branched and becoming elongate; throughout the state, 100 to 6600 feet 



3. F. calif ornica. 



1. F. chiloensis Duch. Sand Strawberry. Scapes several-flowered, 1 to 4 (or 

 8) inches high; upper surface of leaves dark green, glabrous, the herbage otherwise 

 densely hairy; leaflets Y2 to 1 inch long; calyx-lobes entire; petals roundish; re- 

 ceptacle with the achenes embedded in its surface ; fruit 7 to 10 lines in diameter. 



Sand-dunes, fertile bluffs and rocky beaches along the coast : San Luis Obispo 

 Co. to Del Norte Co. North to Alaska; Chile. Mar.-May. 



Locs. — Oso Flaco, San Luis Obispo Co., Summers; Santa Cruz, Berg ; Pacific Grove, Tide- 

 strom; San Pedro, San Mateo Co., Elmer 4799; Mt. Davidson, San Francisco, Jepson 8206; 

 Bodega Bay, Chandler 692; Ft. Eoss, Davy 1677; Humboldt Bay, Tracy 2025; Crescent City, 

 ShocMey. 



Kefs. — Fragaria chiloensis Duch. Hist. Nat. Frais. 165 (1766), type loc. Concepcion, Chile; 

 Jepson, PI. W. Mid. Cal. 281 (1901), ed. 2, 208 (1911), Man. 482, fig. 478 (1925). F. vesca var. 

 chiloensis L. Sp. PI. 495 (1753). F. sericea Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1:185 (1834), as syno- 

 nym. F. chilensis var. b Hook. I.e., type loc. Fort Vancouver, Wash., Scouler (the luxuriant form 

 with scapes exceeding the leaves). F. chilensis var. scouleri Wats. Bibl. Ind. 282 (1878). F. 

 chiloensis var. scouleri Eydb. Mem. Dept. Bot. Columbia Univ. 2:170 (1898). 



2. F. virginiana Duch. var. platypetala Hall. Scarlet Strawberry. Scape 

 2 to 5 inches high, bearing a usually close umbellate flower cluster, much shorter 

 than the leaves; leaflets obovate or oblong, green, glabrous and glaucous above, 

 below pale and sparsely pubescent, 1 to 2 inches long; petioles hairy; flowers 7 to 

 12 lines broad ; fruit 5 to 7 lines broad ; achenes set in deep pits. 



Meadow or stream borders and open woods, 4000 to 8000 feet : Sierra Nevada 

 from Tulare Co. to Modoc Co.; thence west to Siskiyou Co. North to British Co- 

 lumbia. May- July. 



Geog. note. — "Var. platypetala Hall, the Sierra Nevada form of the eastern F. virginiana 

 Duch., differs from the Eocky Mts. form (var. glaucus Wats.) only in the spreading hairs of the 

 petioles. The following stations validate the range for California. — Sierra Nevada: Funston 

 Lower Mdw., Kern Canon, Hopping 149 ; Pine Eidge, Fresno Co., Hall 4- Chandler 223 ; Huckle- 

 berry Creek, Huntington Lake, Jepson 13,072 ; Lake Merced, Merced Eiver, Jepson 3192 ; Truckee, 

 Sonne; Big Mdws., Plumas Co., E. M. Austin; Mineral, Tehama Co., J. Grinnell; Forestdale, sw. 

 Modoc Co., M. S. BaTcer; Willow Creek, Modoc Co., B. M. Austin. Siskiyou Co.: Goosenest foot- 

 hills, Butler 1315 ; Sisson, Jepson 13,876 ; Marble Mt., Chandler 1569. Hog Eanch, Tuolumne Co., 

 Hall 4- Chandler 3347, is typical F. virginiana Duch. and doubtless introduced. 



Var. sibbaldlfolia Jepson. Leaflets small (5 to 10 lines long), the apices subtruncate, 3 to 

 7-toothed. — High montane, 8000 to 10,000 feet : Sierra Nevada from Olancha Peak to Mt. Dana. 



Locs.— Olancha Peak, Tulare Co., Eall 4- Babcock 5282 ; Volcano Creek, Tulare Co., Hall 4' 

 BahcocTc 5321 ; Fish Creek, se. Tulare Co., Hall 4- Babcoch 5210 ; West Vidette, Bubbs Creek, 

 Fresno Co., Jepson 829; Mt. Dana, Chesnut 4" Brew. 



