ROSE FAMILY 205 



11. GEUM L. 



Perennial herbs. Leaves lyrately pinnate. Stipules adnate to the sheathing 

 petioles. Flowers rather large, solitary or corA'mbose. Calyx persistent, 5-lobed, 

 usually with 5 alternate braetlets. Stamens many. Pistils numerous, borne on a 

 elavate or hemispheric receptacle; ovule 1. Achenes small, tipped with the elon- 

 gated styles. — Species about 50, all continents, temperate and arctic regions. (The 

 Latin name.) 



Style jointed and kinked above the middle, l^^ to 4 lines long, glabrous or subglabrous except at 

 the hirsute base, the upper part deciduous, the lower hooked ; achenes and styles strongly 

 deflexed in fruit; calyx -lobes reflexed. 



Termiaal leaflet round-cordate; receptacle naked or nearly so 1. G. macrophyllum. 



Terminal leaflet cuneate-obovate; receptacle densely short-hairy 2. G. strictum. 



Style straight, evidently jointed, or sometimes not jointed, the short terminal portion glabrous, 

 persistent or very tardily deciduous, the lower portion conspicuously plumose, much 

 elongated (% to 1^ inches long) ; achenes and styles erect or spreading in fruit; calyx- 

 lobes not reflexed 3. G. ciliatum. 



1. G. macrophyllum Willd. Big-leaf Avens. Stems erect, coarse, mostly 

 solitary, bristly, leafy, 1 to 3i/4 feet high; herbage hispid-bristly; basal leaves (in- 

 cluding the petiole) 4 to 15 inches long, the leaflets incised and serrate; terminal 

 leaflet very large, round-cordate (2 to 5 inches long), the lateral ones downwardly 

 smaller and with very small ones between; stem leaves reduced; cyme open, few- 

 flowered; flowers 6 to 8 lines wide; braetlets small, often wanting; petals yellow; 

 receptacle oblong; fruiting heads globose or slightly elongate, 6 to 10 lines long; 

 achenes puberulent, densely bristly above, tailed with a naked style, the terminal 

 portion deciduous, the persistent part hooked. 



Wet ground, montane, 3500 to 10,000 feet, along the coast 50 to 5000 feet : San 

 Bernardino Mts. ; White Mts. ; Sierra Nevada from Tulare Co. to Modoc Co. ; North 

 Coast Ranges. North to Alaska, east to Newfoundland and New Hampshire. 

 May-Aug. 



Locs. — San Bernardino Mts.: Tylers Mill, Parish; Bluff Lake, Munz 10,569. White Mts.: 

 Shockley 659. Sierra Nevada: Sequoia Park, W. Fry; Junction Mdw., Kern Canon, Jepson 1050 ; 

 Dinkey ranger sta., Fresno Co., A. L. Grant 1190 ; Bear Valley, Nevada Co., Jepson 13,863 ; Pine 

 Creek, Lassen Co., M. S. BaTcer ; Goose Valley, Shasta Co., BaTcer <S- Nutting; Lookout, Modoc 

 Co., M. S. Bal-er; Goosenest foothills, e. Siskiyou Co., Butler 1592. North Coast Eanges: Elk 

 Mt., n. Lake Co., Tracy 2273; Willits (range n. of), Davy 5098; betw. Kneeland and Eureka, 

 M. S. BaTcer 184 ; Gilbert Creek, Del Norte Co., Jepson 9355 ; Shackelford Creek, Siskiyou Co., 

 Butler 1506. 



Kefs. — Geum macrophyllum Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 557 (1809), type loe. Kamtehatka; 

 Jepson, Man. 497, fig. 492 (1925). G. strictum var. b Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1:175 (1834), type 

 loc. Fort Vancouver, Columbia Eiver. 



2. G. strictum Soland. Yellow Avens. Similar to G. macrophyllum; leaf- 

 lets cuneate-obovate; terminal leaflet simple or 3-lobed, obovate-cuneate, doubly 

 and irregularly incised-serrate, 3 inches long, 2 inches wide; receptacle cylindric; 

 fruiting heads elliptic, 1 inch long; achenes thinly hirsute above. 



Wet meadows, 2500 to 5000 feet : Lassen and Siskiyou Cos. North to British 

 Columbia, east to Newfoundland, south to northern Mexico. June. 



Locs. — Horse Lake, Lassen Co., Jepson 7810 ; Sisson, Siskiyou Co., Jepson 13,864. 



Refs.— Geum strictum Soland; Ait. Hort. Kew. 2:217 (1789), type from N. Am.; Jepson, 

 Man. 497 (1925). G. canadense Murr. Novi Comm. Gott. 5:33 (1783) ; not G. canadense Jacq. 

 (1772). 



3. G. ciliatum Pursh. Praieie-smoke. Stems clustered, simple, nearly naked, 



6 to 14 inches high; herbage white-pilose; leaves (including the short petiole) 3 to 



7 inches long; leaflets several or many, somewhat crowded, cuneate in outline, % 

 to 11/2 inches long, cleft into linear or cuneate toothed segments; cymes 1 to 3-flow- 

 ered; flowers 7 to 9 lines wide, borne on long peduncles; calyx dull reddish; bract- 

 lets linear, 4 to 9 lines long; petals pale yellow, or reddish-tinged; styles more or 



