22S ROSACEAE 



squarish flakes, causing spots on tiu' trunks which suggest axe "blazes."' W. S. Lyon emphasized 

 the orange-like aspect of the groves in some of the canon-like valleys on Santa Catalina Island 

 (Bot. Gaz. 11:202). 



Refs.— Pkinus ilumfolia Walp. Rep. 2:10 (1843); Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. ed. 2, 212 

 (1911), Man. 50G (1925). Ccrasus ilicifolia Nutt. ; II. & A. Bot. Beech. 340, t. 83 (1840), type 

 loc. Santa Barbara, Nuttall; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 286 (1901). Laurocerasus ilicifolia Roem. 

 S}-n. Rosifl. 3:92 (1847). Var. occidentalis Bdg. Proc. Cal. Acad. ser. 2, 1:209 (1888). P. 

 o'ccidcjitalis Lvon, Bot. Gaz. 11 :202 (1886), type loc. Santa Catalina Isl., Lyon ; not P. occidentalis 

 Swartz (1852-53). Ccrasus occidentalis Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 2:396 (1887). P. ilicifolia 

 var. intcgrifolia Sudw. Gard. & For. 4:51 (1891); Jepson, Man 507 (1925). P. integrifolia 

 Sarg. Man. Trees N. Am. 531, fig. 441 (1905) ; not Walpers (1852-53). Laurocerasus intcgrifolia 

 C. K. Schn. 111. Handb. Laubh. 1:648 (1906). Ccrasus lyoni Eastw. Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci. 

 9:54 (1905). Laurocerasus lyoni Britt.; Britt. & Shafer, N. A. Trees 512 (1908). P. lyoni 

 Sarg. PI. Wilsonianae 74 (1911). 



•4. P. subcordata Bentli. Sierra Plum. Deciduous shrub 4 to 8 feet high, or 

 a tree up to 20 feet hiph, with crooked and rough gray-brown branches and more 

 or less spinescent branchlets; leaf -blades ovate or elliptic to almost round, obtuse 

 or truncate at base, rarely subcordate, serrulate, % to 2 inches long, on petioles 2 

 to 4 lines long; flowers 6 lines wide, 2 to 4 in a cluster, on pedicels i/^ inch long; 

 drupe red, 9 to 11 lines long. 



Canon sides and mountain slopes : Sierra Nevada from Tulare Co. to Modoc Co., 

 2500 to 4500 feet; Coast Ranges from Monterey Co. to Siskiyou Co., 500 to 3500 

 feet. North to Oregon. Apr. 



Field note.-^In northeastern California the drupe matures into a fruit which is economically 

 valued by the settlers. Indian women often gather these wild plums and bring them to the 

 white people by way of barter. The fruits are first thrown into boiling water to do away with 

 the bitterness residing in the skin, after which they are made into jellies or preserves. In the 

 central coast region and the southern Sierra Nevada the carpels seldom set good fruit but develop 

 into a bladdery structure which is caused by an Exoascus. The species is different from the 

 ordinary Exoascus pruni Fckl. of cultivated plums but has apparently not been given a name (W. 

 T. Home, in Jepson Corr. 16:159 ms.). The shrub also propagates by buds developed on the 

 roots (Howell Mt., Jepson 10,747). 



Locs. — Coast Ranges: Pacific Grove (Woodcock in Jepson Corr. 7:340 ms.) ; Little Arthur 

 Creek, Gilroy, Jepson 9710 ; Portola, San Mateo Co., Elvier 4533 ; Lake Chabot, San Leandro, 

 Jepson; Marsh Creek, Mt. Diablo, Jepson 9991; Berkeley, Jepson 14,363; Manor, Marin Co., 

 Ynes Mexia 2345 ; St. Helena, e. of, Jepson 14,362 ; Weldon Canon, Vaca Mts., Jepson 13,833 ; 

 Greasewood IIUls, w. Tehama Co., Jepson; Yocumville, South Fork Salmon River, Jepson; Sisson, 

 Lemmon; Scott Valley, Siskiyou Co., Jepson; Humbug, Siskiyou Co., Butler 644. Sierra Nevada: 

 MUo, North Fork Tule River, Jepson; Grouse Valley, Tulare Co., Jepson; Clough Cave, South 

 Fork Kaweah River, Jepson 4653 ; Hetch-Hetchy, Jepson 3438 ; Center Camp, Tuolumne Co., 

 A. L. Grant; Keltz Mine, South Fork Stanislaus River, A. L. Grant 654; Nevada City, Sonne; 

 Sierra City, Jepson 16,779; Belden, Plumas Co., Jepson; betw. Dana and Little Hot Springs 

 Valley, ne. Shasta Co., Jepson; Cedarville Pass, Warner Mts., Jepson; Davis Creek, Modoc Co., 

 Jepson 7829. 



Var. kelloggii Lemmon. Drupe larger, yellow, more pulpy, sweeter. — Sierra Co. to Mt. 

 Shasta. 



Var. rubicunda Jepson. Two to 4 feet high; drupe subglobose, bright red, % to l^/s 

 inches long ; pulp very bitter. — Modoc Co. 



Var. oregana Wight. Leaf -blades ovate, abruptly acute, % to ly^ inches long ; drupe dark 

 red, more elliptic than in the species, finely pubescent, % inch long. — Warner Mts., Modoe Co. 

 North to southeastern Oregon. 



Refs. — Prunus subcordata Benth. PI. Hartw. 308 (1848), type loc. "in the Sacramento 

 mountains," Eartweg, that is, Butte Co. foothills (Erythea 5:55) ; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 286 

 (1901), ed. 2, 212 (1911), Man. 507 (1925), Var. kelloggii Lemmon, Pitt. 2:67 (1890), type 

 loc. Sierra City, Sierra Co., Lemmon; Jepson, Man. 507 (1925). Var. rubicunda Jepson, Man. 

 507 (1925), type loc. Willow Creek Canon, Modoc Co., B. C. Goldsmith. Var. oregana Wight, 

 U. S. Dept. Agr. BuU. 179:33 (1915) ; Jepson, Man. 507 (1925). P. oregana Greene, Pitt. 3:21 

 (1896), type loc. Yainax Indian Reservation, se. Ore., R. M. Austin. 



5. P. fremontii Wats. Desert xVpricot. Deciduous shrub or small tree, 5 to 

 15 feet high with spiny branchlets ; leaf-blades ovate or roundish, serrulate, usually 

 faintly purplish-veined, % to 1^/2 inches long, on short slender petioles; flowers 



