248 LEOUMINOSAE 



inp liills of sand along the California coast. For this use it has been introduced into other 

 countries and is even more valuable than at home. Leonard CockajTie of New Zealand in- 

 forms us that, next to Annnophila arcnaria Link, Lupinus arboreus is the most important plant 

 for dune reclamation in iiis country (Jepson Corr. 27:35 ms.). It is not, however, a sand-binder 

 and should be used for sand-covering only where there is a well-fixed Ammophila arenaria 

 (Beach Grass) area to the windward. By laying pod-bearing branchlets, just before the pods 

 are ready to break, on the bare dune, it is found that the branchlets prevent movement of 

 the sand, after which the germinating seedlings cover the ground with a close growth (L. 

 Cockaj-ne, Dune Areas of New Zealand 44, 49, CS). 



Bibliog. — Agardh., J. G., Synopsis generis Lupini 1-43, t. 1-2 (1835). Watson, S., Ee- 

 vision of the extra-tropical N. Am. species of the genus Lupinus (Proc. Am. Acad. 8:517- 

 548, — 1873). Davidson, A., The lupines of Los Angeles County, California (Erythea 6:70-72, — 

 1898). Chesnut, V. K., & Wilcox, E. V., Lupines [as poisonous plants] (U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. 

 Bot. Bull. 26:100-110, — 1901). Greene, E. L., Three new perennial lupines (Proc. Acad. Phila. 

 44:364-365,-1892) ; Two new lupines (Lflts. 2:67-68,-1910) ; Some new lupines (I.e. 2:233,— 

 1912). Heller, A. A., North American lupines (Muhl. 6:07-72, 81-82,-1910; 7:1-11, 13-15, 

 85-95,-1911; 8:61-71, 82-84, 103-107, 109-119,-1912); The Nevada lupines (Muhl. 5:133- 

 143, 145-153,-1909; 6:13-24, 25-32, 97-108, 109-113,-1910; 8:85-91,-1912); Seedlings of 

 Lupinus tidestromii (Muhl. 7:53-55, — 1911). Smith, C. P., Notes upon some annual lupines of 

 the Micranthus group (Muhl. 6:133-141, — 1911) ; The fruit of Lupinus tidestromii (Muhl. 7:51- 

 52, — 1911) ; Studies in the genus Lupinus: I. A new species of the subgenus Platycarpos (Bull. 

 Torr. Club 44:405^06,-1917) ; II. The Microearpi, exclusive of L. densiflorus (I.e. 45:1-22,— 

 1918); III. Lupinus densiflorus (I.e. 45:167-202,-1918); IV. The Pusilli (I.e. 46:389-410,— 

 1919) ; V. The Sparsiflori (I.e. 47:487-509,-1920) ; VI. The Stiversiani, Concinni and Subcarnosi 

 (I.e. 48:219-234,-1921); VII. Lupinus succulentus and Lupinus niveus (I.e. 49:197-206, — 



1922) ; VIII. Lupinus nanus (I.e. 50:159-172, — 1923) ; IX. Lupinus bicolor (I.e. 50:373-387,— 



1923) ; X. The Micranthi concluded (I.e. 51:91-102,-1924) ; XI. Some new names and combina- 

 tions (I.e. 51:303-310,-1924); Lupinus in Jepson, Man. 516-533,-1925; A distributional 

 catalogue of the lupines of Oregon (Contrib. Dudley Herb. r:l-55, — 1927). 



A. Cotyledons petioled after germination; ovules 2 to 12 or more. 



I. Plants perennial. 



1. Pedicels slender, usually ly^ to 6 lines long ; bracts usually caducous or early deciduous. 



a. Apex of banner reflexed from the tips of the wings, the corolla therefore as if notched above ; 



median groove of banner usually shallow, covering but little of the vdngs. 

 Shrubs or bushes, evergreen. 



Hills and mountains, not on the ocean shores. 

 Leaves silvery-silky. 



Common, Coast Ranges, west slope Sierra Nevada, infrequent in cismontane South- 

 ern California and the desert slopes bordering it...., 1. L. albifrons. 



Relatively rare, Inyo Co 2. L. exeuhitus. 



Leaves greenish sub-silky ; cismontane Southern California 3. L. longifolius. 



Sea-beaches, sand-dunes and bluffs along the coast line. 



Keel non-ciliatc; petals commonly blue 4. L. chamissonis. 



Keel ciliate; petals commonly yellow 5. L. arboreus. 



Herbs. 



Keel non-ciliate. 



Stems stout and usually hollow. 



Leaflets 9 to 17, 3 to 6 inches long; racemes dense 6. L. polyphyllus. 



Leaflets 5 to 10, 1^4 to 3% inches long; racemes mostly lax 7. L. superbus. 



Stems not hollow. 



Leaves greenish, only slightly pubescent; stems commonly strictly erect; banner 



acute or sometimes obtuse; montane slopes or montane valleys 



8. L. albicaulis. 



Leaves densely pubescent, often silky; stems typically decumbent or ascending; 



banner broad, commonly obtuse; typically of low valley floors and canon 



flats 9. L. formosus. 



Keel more or less ciliate. 



Plants of the immediate coast line ; banner glabrous. 



Roots yellow ; species of sea beaches, strictly littoral. 



Stipules 3 to 5 lines long 10. L. littoralis. 



Stipules about 1 line long 11. L. tidestromii. 



Roots not yellow; species of grassy fields and sand-dunes 12. L. variicolor. 



Plants of mountains and valleys. 



Keel ciliate, but not the acumen; banner glabrous; stems very tall (2 to 5 feet), 



several in a clump; widespread IZ.L.rivularis. 



Keel ciliate from near apex to middle. 



