PEA FAMILY 



311 



Valleys and hillsides, 20 to 4600 feet: coastal Southern California; Coast 

 Ranges; Tehachapi Mts.; Sierra Nevada foothills from Tulare Co. to Amador Co. 

 North to Washington. Apr.-May. 



Geog. note. — Trifolium albopurpureum T. & G. may well be regarded as the most abxmdant 

 in individuals and the most widely distributed species of any clover in California. Adapted 

 indifferently to thin or gravelly soils or to rich soils, growing alike on arid hills, mesas, moist 

 flats and dry valleys, seasons of average rainfall make it a common species. Its variation is 

 marked but restrained within rather narrow morphologic limits. 



Locs. — Coastal S. Cal.: Cuyamaca Lake, San Diego Co., Peirson 5974; Beaumont, Gilman 

 15; Eedlands, Parish; Highland, San Bernardino Valley, Parish; San Antonio Canon, Peirson 

 2154; Purisima Hills, Santa Barbara Co., Jepson 12,654. Coast Kanges: Priest Valley, se. 

 Monterey Co., Jepson 2676; Santa Margarita, Jepson 11,966; Los Gatos, Heller 7416; Livermore, 

 Jepson 13,670; Mt. Diablo, Jepson 9860; Oakland 

 Hills, Jepson 6860; Fish ranch, Berkeley Hills, Jep- 

 son 13,671 ; Willits, Jepson 2484 ; Van Duzen Eiver 

 valley, Tracy 2854; Klamath Hills, Yreka, Butler 

 710. Tehachapi Mts. : Keene, near Bear Mt., Jepson 

 7156. Sierra Nevada foothills: Limekiln Creek, Tu- 

 lare Co., Jepson 2800 ; Table Mt., Fresno Co., Jepson 

 15,110; Yankee Hill, Tuolumne Co., A. L. Grant 755; 

 Willow Sprs. sta., Amador Co., Jepson 15,254. North- 

 ern Sacramento Valley: Rosewood, w. Tehama Co., 

 Jepson 13,646 ; Redding, BlanMnship. 



Refs. — Trifolium albopurpureum T. & G. Fl. 

 1:313 (1838), type from Cal., Douglas; Jepson, Fl, 

 W. Mid. Cal. 306 (1901), ed. 2, 227 (1911), Man, 546 

 (1925); McDer. N. Am. Sp. Trifolium 207, pi. 83 

 (1910). r. neolagopus Loja. Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 

 15:194 (1883), type loe. "in montibus Calif omiae 

 prope Sancta Inez", E. Cooper. T. aliopurpureum 

 var, neolagopus McDer. I.e. 209, pi. 84; Jepson, Fl. 

 W. Mid. Cal. ed. 2, I.e., Man. I.e. T. columiinum var. 

 argillorum Jepson, Fl. W, Mid, Cal. 307 (1901), type 

 loc, Mt. St. Helena grade, Napa Co., Jepson 13,740. 

 T. alhopurpureum var. neolagopus f. argillorum Jep- 

 son; McDer. I.e. 211, pi. 84; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 

 ed. 2, I.e. T. maeraei var. albopurpureum Greene, Fl. 

 Fr. 26 (1891). T. helleri Kennedy, Uuh\. 9:25 (1913), 

 type loe. Los Gatos, Santa Clara Co., Kennedy. T. 

 traslcae Kennedy, Muhl. 9:19 (1913), type loc. Santa 

 Catalina Isl., Kennedy (leaflets elliptical, the upper 

 narrower, attenuate at both ends, ex char.) . T. pseudo- 

 alhopurpureum Kennedy, I.e. 20, type loc. Surf, Santa 

 Barbara Co., Kennedy (upper leaves oblanceolate ; 

 calyx-teeth 1 line long, equaling the tube, ex char.). 



T. insularum Kennedy I.e. 29, type loc. Santa Catalina Isl., TrasTc (calyx-teeth exceeding the 

 corolla by nearly 1 line, ex char.). 



41. T. olivaceum Greene. Valley Clover. Stems erect or ascending, 8 to 

 12 inches high; herbage pubescent (commonly somewhat appressed) and glaucous 

 throughout; leaflets cuneate-obovate, serrulate, 4 to 12 (or 15) lines long; pe- 

 duncles stout; heads broadly ovate to hemispherical, subtruncate to turbinate at 

 base, bright olive-green, 6 to 10 lines high; corollas 2i/2 to 3 lines long, hidden by 

 the long and pubescent calyx-teeth; calyx-tube 1 to 1^/2 lines long; calyx-teeth 4 to 

 5 lines long; corolla whitish and purplish; banner oblong, denticulate at apex; 

 pods glabrous or essentially so, 1-seeded. 



Low hills and valley fields, 50 to 1000 feet : Sacramento Valley; northern Sierra 

 Nevada foothills; eastern Contra Costa Co. Apr. 



Historical note. — In the two decades from 1870 to 1890, and doubtless earlier, this species 

 was abundant in the hayfields of the Sacramento Valley, especially in central Solano Co., forra- 

 ing in certain years a major portion of the wild or volunteer hay crop. It is probable that it is 

 a hybrid mutant, arising from forms of Trifolium albopurpureum, a mutant which under the 

 favorable conditions of a rich soil and seasons of high rainfall developed luxuriantly in the 

 form represented by topotype specimens. Since that early day Trifolium olivaceum has become 



Fig. 201. Trifolium albopurpureum 

 T. & G. a, flowering branchlet, X % ; 

 h, fl., X 3 ; c, calyx spread open, X 3. 



