PEA FAMILY 385 



incurved; pods li/4 to 2 inches long; seeds globose, dull black, 2 lines in diameter, 

 the hilum extending about ^ way around. 



Grassy valleys and open foothills, 50 to 5000 feet : almost throughout cismon- 

 tane California, only sparingly noted east of the Sierra Nevada in California. East 

 to Virginia and New Brunswick. Feb.-May. 



Locs. — Shackelford Creek, head of, near Marble Mt., Butler 401; Sisson, Siskiyou Co., 

 Jepson 13,604; Fort Bidwell, Manning 133; Big Valley, Modoc Co., Balcer 4" Nutting; Mineral, 

 Tehama Co., Jepson 12,270; Elk Eiver Valley, Tracy 2575; Marysville Buttes, Jepson 13,607; 

 Blue Canon, Placer Co., H. A. WalTcer 1216 ; Panther Creek, Amador Co., Hansen 1300; Vacaville, 

 Jepson 13,606; Howell Mt., Tracy 1617; Columbia, Tuolumne Co., Jepson 6283; Mt. Hamilton 

 foothills, -R. J. Smith; Pacific Grove, Elmer 4781; Cuesta Pass, Santa Lucia Mts., Jepson 11,964; 

 Bishop Creek, Inyo Co., Shoclcley 421 ; Tinnemaha Creek, Inyo Co., Almeda Nordyhe; Los Angeles, 

 E. D. Palmer ; Palomar Mt., Jepson 1509. 



The varieties named below are rather marked leaf forms but there are intergrade states 

 from the species to both of them. Indeed, Jepson 13,614, Mt. Diablo, exhibits typical leaves of 

 both var. linearis and var. truncata on a single individual. 



Var. linearis Wats. Leaflets 1 to 1^/^ inches long, % to 1^/^ lines wide; pods 1 inch long. — 

 General range of the species in California. 



Locs. — Big Valley, Modoc Co., Baker ^ Nutting; HydesvUle, Humboldt Co., Tracy 4482; 

 Byron, Greene ; Berkeley, Jepson 13,605; Mt. Davidson, San Francisco, Jepson 10,336; Guadalupe 

 Mine, Los Gatos, Jepson 9096 ; Loma Prieta, Davy 638 ; upper San Benito Eiver, Jepson 15,426 ; 

 San Clemente IsL, Munz 6669; Avalon, Santa Catalina Isl., Geo. B. Grant; Mesa Grande, San 

 Diego Co., E. Ferguson 48. 



Var. truncata Brew. Leaflets truncate at apex and 3 to 5 -denticulate; pods % to 1 inch 

 long. — General range of the species in California. 



Locs. — Goose Lake, Modoc Co., Austin 4" Bruce ; Eedding, Heller 7874; Browns Creek, Trin- 

 ity Co., H. S. Yates 369 ; Qurncy, Heller 10,857 ; Armstrong sta., Amador Co., Hansen 1366 ; Sher- 

 wood Valley, Mendocino Co., Jepson 1830; Ukiah, Davy 5024; Oakville, Napa Valley, Jepson 

 13,609; Montezuma Hills, se. Solano Co., Jepson 13,610; Murphys, Calaveras Co., Davy; Colum- 

 bia, Tuolumne Co., A. L. Grant 693; Eosasco, Tuolumne Co., Chesnut 4 Drew; Eoss Valley, 

 Marin Co., Jepson 13,637 ; Berkeley, Jepson 13,639 ; Mt. Diablo, Jepson 13,638 ; Palo Alto, Tide- 

 strom; Mt. Hamilton, B. J. Smith; Loma Prieta, Davy 539 ; San Luis Obispo, Summers; Elizabeth 

 Lake, Los Angeles Co., Parish 1914; San Dimas Canon, San Gabriel Mts., Peirson 2396; Mesa 

 Grande, San Diego Co., E. Ferguson 63 ; Witch Creek, San Diego Co., Alderson. 



Eefs.— ViciA AMERICANA Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 3:1096 (1800), type loc. Pennsylvania; 

 Jepson, Fh W. Mid. Cal. 296 (1901), ed. 2, 237 (1911), Man. 581, fig. 575 (1925). F. copelandii 

 Eastw. Bull. Torr. Club 32:197 (1905), type loc. Sisson, Copeland. Var. linearis Wats. Proc. 

 Am. Acad. 11:134 (1876) ; Jepson, ll.cc, Man. 581, fig. 576, Lathyrus linearis Nutt. ; T. & G. 

 Fl. 1:276 (1838), type loc. "plains of the Platte" [Eiver], Nuttall. Var. truncata Brew.; B. & W. 

 Bot. Cal. 1:158 (1876) ; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 297 (1901), ed. 2, 237 (1911), Man. 582, fig. 

 577 (1925). F. truncata Nutt.; T. & G. FL 1:270 (1838), type loc. "plains of the Oregon" 

 [Columbia Eiver], Nuttall. V. pumila Hel. Muhl. 2:88 (1905), type loc. betw. Upper Soda 

 Spring and Shasta Eetreat, Heller 7938. 



7. V. californica Greene. Sierra Vetch. Stems zigzag, erect or decumbent, 

 5 to 11 inches long; herbage finely villous-pubescent ; leaflets 8 to 12, elliptic to 

 cuneate-obovate, truncate with the apex 3 to 5-denticulate, 3 to 8 lines long; racemes 

 3 to 6-flowered; flowers 6 to 7 lines long. 



Openly wooded mountain slopes, 2200 to 6000 feet : mountains of coastal South- 

 em California; Sierra Nevada from Kem Co. to Siskiyou Co., thence south in the 

 Coast Ranges to Humboldt Co. ]\Iay-July. 



Biol. note. — This plant is very closely related to Vicia americana var. truncata Brew. Its 

 leaflets are shaped much the same but are subcoriaceous and have often a somewhat bluish cast ; 

 the tendrils are short and simple ; the plants are usually very low. Each side of the keel near the 

 tip bears a strongly marked somewhat inflated fold; these folds and the tip are blue-purple, the 

 rest of the keel white or whitish. If it were made a variety of V. americana, Kellogg's varietal 

 name would be used. 



Sometimes this plant is found growing in leaf mold beneath Quercus kelloggii trees. In 

 such a situation we have found it exhibiting interesting biological peculiarities as at Chowchilla 

 School in the Mariposa Co. foothills {Jepson 12,796). The root-crown, somewhat deep-seated, 

 bears erect filiform stems which give rise to the aerial shoots. About the time of flowering the 

 root-crown also sends out horizontal rootstocks which are slenderly fusiform-thickened or some- 



