SPURGE FAMILY 431 



Eefs. — EuPHOKBiA DICTYOSPERMA F. & M, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 2:37 (1835), type from 

 North America; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 2C3 (1901), ed. 2, 247 (1911), Man. 601, fig. 594 (1925). 

 Tithymalus dictyospermus Hel. Muhl. 1:56 (1904). 



17. E. crenulata Engelm. Chinese Caps. Stems several from the base, erect, 

 rarely decumbent at base, 6 to 16 inches high, 2 or 3 times dichotomous above; herb- 

 age glabrous; leaf -blades obovate to spatulate, obtuse, sometimes mucronate, entire, 

 sessile or the lower shortly petioled, 4 to 15 lines long, the floral leaves opposite or 

 temate, their blades deltoid or broadly rhombic-ovate, sessile, sometimes cordate 

 at base or connate, apiculate, 3 to 5 lines long; involucre turbinate, its transversely 

 oblong lobes denticulate; glands large, crescent-shaped, the slender horns entire 

 or cleft; capsules smooth, 1^/2 lines broad; seeds vermicular-rugulose or nearly 

 smooth, ash-eolor, 1 to 1^ lines long, with a prominent caruncle. 



Sandy hills and brushy slopes, 10 to 4500 feet : common throughout cismontane 

 California. East to Arizona and Colorado, north to Oregon. Mar.-Aug, 



Locs. — Coast Kanges: Cherry Creek, Siskiyou Co., Butler 909; betw. Shasta Eetreat and 

 Shasta Sprs., Heller 7981 ; Bluff Creek, n. Humboldt. Co., Chandler 1457 ; Kneeland Prairie, Hum- 

 boldt Co., Tracy 3882; Burnt Ranch, Trinity Co., Tracy 6404; Gravelly Valley, n. Lake Co., 

 Jepson 13,922a; Kelseyville, Lake Co., Irwin 101; Mt. St. Helena, Jepson 10,369; Calistoga, se. 

 of, Jepson; Conn Valley, Napa Range, Jepson 6251; Sonoma Canon, Kenwood, Jepson 10,012; 

 Mt. Davidson, San Francisco, Jepson 10,585; Lake Merced, San Francisco, H. A. WalTcer 1127; 

 Pacific Grove, Heller 6486. Sierra Nevada: Forestdale, sw. Modoc Co., If. S. BaTcer; Morley sta., 

 Shasta Co., BaTcer 4' Nutting; Pine Creek, Lassen Co., Baker 4' Nutting ; Forest Hill, s. Placer 

 Co., L. S. Smith 1621; Elsie Creek, Amador Co., Hansen 1094; Chowchilla School, Mariposa Co., 

 Jepson 12,798; betw. Dunlap and Pinehurst, Fresno Co., Newlon 160. S. Cal.: Santa Barbara, 

 T. Brandegee; Glendora, Los Angeles Co., Braunton 301 ; Mesa Grande, San Diego Co., E. Fergu- 

 son 81. The following atout apparently perennial spms. may represent var. franciscana Norton: 

 San Francisco, K. Brandegee ; near Marine Hospital, San Francisco Co., Heller 6625. 



Refs. — Euphorbia crenulata Engelm. Bot. Mex. Bound. 192 (1859), type loc. Monterey, 

 Hartweg 1950 (cf. Bentham, PI. Hartweg. 334) ; Jepson, Man, 601, fig. 595 (1925). E. leptocera 

 Engelm.; Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 4:135 (1857), "Grass Valley", Bigelow (nomen nudum); Jepson, 

 Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 263 (1901), ed. 2, 247 (1911). E. leptocera var, crenulata Engelm.; Beiss. in 

 DC. Prod. 15^:143 (1862). Tithymalus crenulatus Hel. Muhl. 1:55 (1904). T. leptocerus Arthur, 

 Torreya 22:30 (1922). E. crenulata var, franciscana Norton, Rep. Mo, Bot. Gard. 11:122 (1899), 

 type loc. San Francisco, Bolander 20. Tithymalus franciscanus Hel. Muhl. l.c, 56. E. nortoniana 

 Nels. Bot. Gaz. 47:437 (1909). 



Euphorbia helioscopia L. Sp. PI. 459 (1753), type European. Tithymalus helioscopius 

 Hill, Hort. Kew. 172* (1768). Sun Spurge. Annual; stems stout, erect or ascending; herbage 

 glabrous or nearly so ; leaf -blades spatulate-obovate, serrulate ; involucral glands yellowish, entire, 

 without appendages ; capsules smooth ; seeds ovoid-globose, sharply reticulate, yellowish-brown to 

 blackish, carunculate, — European weed widely distributed in eastern United States and occurring 

 as a pest in fields at Elk, Mendocino Co. (ace. J. T. Howell, Madrono 2 :20). 



Euphorbia exigua L. Sp. PI. 456 (1753), type European. Tithymalus exiguus Hill, Hort. 

 Kew. 172* (1768). Dwarf Spurge. Low annual; branches erect or ascending; leaf -blades 

 linear-oblong or lanceolate; involucres in terminal cymes; glands transversely oval, 2-horned; 

 capsules smooth; seeds blackish, quadrangular-ovoid, tuberculate, the prominences whitish. — 

 Santa Clara Co. (ace. Norton, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 11:112). 



Euphorbia virgata Waldst. & Kit. PI. Rar. Hung. 2:176, t. 162 (1805). E. esula of Am. 

 manuals. Summer Spurge. Stems erect, several from a branched root-crown, ly^ to 1% feet 

 high; herbage glabrous; leaves linear, % to 1^4 inches long, those of the inflorescence orbicular- 

 ovate, abruptly short-acute, 4 to 5 lines long, broader than long; glands yellowish, somewhat 

 crescent-shaped or 2-horned. — Native of Europe, introduced into cultivated fields: Scott Valley, 

 Siskiyou Co., W. T. Davidson, about 1917; Adin, Modoc Co., F. C. Chace, 1916. 



18. E. peplus L. Petty Spurge. Stems simple or usually branched from the 

 base, 4 to 10 inches high, umbellate above, the branches of the umbel dichotomous 

 herbage glabrous; leaf -blades obovate or rotund, obtuse or retuse, 5 to 9 lines long 

 the slender petiole 2^/2 lines long; leaves of the umbel oblong or ovate, sessile; in 

 volucre about % line long, the triangular-ovate lobes ciliate with short thick hairs 

 glands with long spreading horns; capsules depressed-globose, the lobes with 2 thin 

 and very narrow longitudinal crests on the back; seeds oblong, ashy, % line long, 

 with about 4 to 6 rows of large dark pits; caruncle white, conical. 



