RHAMNACEAE 455 



rich moist bottoms have some capacity for regeneration after losing the crown, A trunk observed 

 in 1900 at Inverness, Marin Co., was 23 feet in circumference and somewhat hollow; it bore 22 

 new shoots which were 4 to 6 inches in diameter. 



Locs. — Coast Ranges: Castle Rock sta., upper Sacramento River, Jepson; Trinity River at 

 South Fork, Jepson; Hydesville, Tracy 1246; Petrolia, Jepson; Williams Creek forks, ne. Men- 

 docino Co., Jepson; Longvale, Mendocino Co., Jepson; betw. Stanley ridge and Cahto, Jepson; 

 Mt. Sanhedrin, Jepson; Houghs Sprs., ne. Lake Co., Jepson; Lower Lake, Lake Co., Ruth Bud- 

 doch; Hopland, Jepson; Cloverdale, Jepson; Napa Range, Jepson; Vacaville, Jepson 13,935; 

 Benicia Hills, Jepson; Mt. Diablo, Jepson 7616; Walnut Creek, Jepson; Berkeley, Jepson 8196; 

 Lake San Andreas, San Mateo Co., Jepson; Pacheco Pass, Jepson; Arroyo Seco, Santa Lucia 

 Mts., Jepson; Lorenzo Creek, San Benito River, Jepson; North Fork Lewis Creek, San Benito 

 Co., Jepson; Gaunt ranch, Waltham Creek, sw. Fresno Co., Jepson. Tehaehapi Mts.: Rowen, 

 Jepson; Bear Mt., Jepson; Tejon Pass. Sacramento Valley: Crane Creek, w. Tehama Co., Jep- 

 son; betw. Elmira and Vacaville, Jepson; lower Sacramento River islands (Erythea 1:246), 

 Sierra Nevada: Morley sta., Shasta Co., M. S. Baker; Little Chico Creek, R. M. Austin; Pents, 

 Butte Co., Heller 10,756; San Andreas, E. K. Crum; Coulterville, Jepson; El Portal, Merced 

 River, Jepson; Fish Creek, San Joaquin River, Jepson; Auberry (slope e.), Fresno Co., Jepson; 

 Lime Kiln Creek, Tulare Co., Jepson; Clough Cave, South Fork Kaweah River, Jepson (often 

 making 40 per cent of the stand on north and east slopes) ; North Fork Tule River, Jepson; 

 Havilah, Kern Co. (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4:80). Los Angeles and Santa Barbara Cos.: Oak- 

 grove Canon, Liebre Mts., Mum 6939; Kings Canon, Sawmill Mt. (Erythea 3:156); Antelope 

 Valley, Parish 1893; Matilija Creek (Sudworth, Trees Pac. Slope 400). 



Refs.— Aesculus californica Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. 1:251 (1838) ; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 

 251 (1901), ed. 2, 251 (1911), Silva 262, pi. 79 (1910), Trees Cal. ed. 2, 126, figs. 72-78,-1923; 

 Man. 613, fig. 614 (1925) ; Peirce, G. J., Am. Jour. Bot. 21:215 (1934), the sap current and the 

 vascular iDundles in relation to the seasonal factors. Calothyrsus californica Spach, Ann. Sci. 

 Nat. ser, 2, 2:62 (1834), type from Cal., Botta. Hippocastanum calif ornicum Greene, Man. Reg. 

 S.F.Bay 73 (1894). 



RHAMNACEAE. Buckthorn Family 



Shrubs or small trees -with simple leaves and mostly caducous stipules. Flow- 

 ers small (% to 11/2 lines long), regular, commonly in little umbels, the umbels 

 often aggregated in racemes or panicles. Calyx-lobes, petals and stamens 5 (or 4) . 

 Calyx-tube lined with a disk, the petals and stamens inserted on the edge of the 

 disk and alternate with the calyx-lobes. Petals hooded, commonly clawed, some- 

 times wanting. Ovary 3 (or 2) -celled, free from or adnate by the disk to the base 

 of the calyx; ovules 1 in each cell, or 1 or 2 in Condalia. Style simple or 3-cleft. 

 Fruit in ours a berry-like drupe or a capsule. — Genera 45, species about 500, all 

 continents. 



Leaf persistence. — The biological relations of the leaves (in Califomian Rhamnaceae) to 

 climatic and seasonal factors are not well kno^vn, but most species are evergreen. Rhamnus 

 purshiana and alnifolia are deciduous but our other Rhamni are evergreen. All our Ceanothi are 

 evergreen save that Ceanothus sanguineus is wholly deciduous and that C. integerrimus usually 

 becomes largely bereft of leaves by midwinter as also does C. parryi. In the case of Adolphia 

 californica, a shrub of arid regions, the leaves fall soon after the period of anthesis in February 

 or March. The leaf habits of our species of Condalia and Colubrina have yet to be studied. 



Bibliog. — Watson, S., Revision of the genus Ceanothus (Proc. Am. Acad. 10:333-339, — 

 1875). Greene, E. L., [Notes on] Ceanothus (Bull. Cal. Acad. 1:80-81,-1885); Some western 

 buckthorns (Lflts. 1:63-65,-1904) ; New species of Ceanothus (Lflts. 1:65-68,-1904). Parry, 

 C. C, Ceanothus L., a synoptical list (Proc. Davenp. Acad. 5:162-176, — 1889); Ceanothus L., 

 recent field notes (I.e. 5:185-194, — 1889). Trelease, W., Synoptical list of N. Am. species of 

 Ceanothus (Proc. Cal. Acad, ser 2, 1:106-118,-1888) ; N. Am. Rhamnaceae (Trans. St. Louis 

 Acad. Sci. 5:358-369, — 1889). Brandegee, K., Rhamnus californica and its allies (Zoe 1:240- 

 244,-1890) ; Studies in Ceanothus (Proc. Cal. Acad. ser. 2, 4:173-222,-1894). Pammel, L. H., 

 The species of Rhamnus in sw. U. S. and the Pacific Coast (Iowa Acad. Sci. 29:267-270, — 1922), 

 McMinn, H, E., A geographic and taxonomic study of the Californian species of the genus Ceano- 

 thus (Contrib. Dudley Herb. 1:121-147, pi. 10,-1930). 



Fruit drupe-like ; calyx-lobes, petals and stamens 4 or 5 ; calyx or its lower portion persistent as 



a collar beneath the fruit. 

 Drupe with 1 nutlet ; petals hooded and clawed or none ; calyx-lobes deciduous or persistent ; 



spinose desert shrubs 1- Condalia. 



Drupe berry-like with 2 or 3 nutlets; petals not hooded or clawed, or none; calyx-tube cir- 



cumscissile near middle, the upper portion of tube and lobes deciduous as one piece, the 



lower portion persistent ; chiefly spineless cisuiontane shrubs 2. Rhamnus, 



