518 VIOLACEAE 



Flowers not vi-llow (or with some other color predominating). 



Peduncles borne on erect leafy stems which arise from short or creeping rootstocks ; (stems 

 in no. 13 at first very short). 

 Lateral petals with a purple spot or blotch at base; stems mostly naked below, leafy 

 above, 3 to 12 inches high ; stipules entire. 



Leaf blades mostly cordate at base; stipules membranous 11. V.ocellata. 



Leaf -blades mostly truncatish or subcuncate at base; stipules submembranous 



12. V. cuneata. 



Petals not spotted, blue or violet, rarely white; stems (at least at first) very short 



(mostly ^2 to 1 inch long) or almost none; stipules herbaceous, lacerate or 



toothed ; common 13. V. adunca. 



Peduncles scape-like, these and the leaves arising directly from rootstocks or stolons; herb- 

 age glabrous. 

 Leaf-blades cordate. 



Petals blue, violet or whitish ; leaf -blades commonly 1 to 2 inches wide ; rare species 

 in Cal. 

 Rootstocks thick and rather short, creeping underground, never sending off 

 runners or stolons ; lower petals hairy at base, the others more or less 



so; montane, infrequent 14. V.nephrophylla. 



Eootstock filiform; petals pale violet or whitish, the lateral ones with a 



sparsely bearded spot or beardless; north coast 15. V. palustris. 



Petals white, commonly beardless ; rootstock filiform ; leaf -blades % to 1 inch vride ; 



montane, common 16. V. ilanda. 



Leaf -blades narrow-ovate to rhomboid-elliptic, not cordate; rootstock thickish; petals 

 white, the lateral with a bearded spot; Del Norte Co., rare.... 17. V. occidentalis. 



1. V. beckwithii T. & G. Sagebrush Pansy. Plants 2 to 4 inches high, the 

 cluster of slender stems mainly below ground, arising from a short and usually- 

 deep rootstock; herbage puberulent or sometimes nearly glabrous; leaf -blades 

 palmately about 3 times 3-parted into linear or spatulate-linear segments, the 

 segments mostly obtuse or sometimes mucronulate; primary divisions more or less 

 petiolulate; peduncles scape-like; petals 4 to 7 lines long, the upper deep purple, 

 the others light cream or light blue and purple-veined, with a yellowish base; spur 

 short-saccate; stigma beakless, with a tuft of spreading or reflexed bristles on 

 each side. 



IMoist gravelly soil, 3000 to 5000 feet : east side or easterly valleys of the north- 

 ern Sierra Nevada from Nevada Co. to Modoc and Siskiyou Cos. North to Oregon, 

 east to Utah. Mar.- June. 



Leaf variation. — In a broad way Viola beckwithii exhibits two leaf forms: the prevailing 

 form has narrowly divided leaves, with the segments % to 1 line wide, the other form has oblong 

 segments 1^/^ to 3 lines wide. There is no geographic segregation and the two forms freely 

 intergrade. 



Locs. — Prosser Creek flats near Hobart Mills, Nevada Co., L. S. Smith 1787; betw. Truckee 

 and Donner Lake, Sonne 26; Sardine Valley, Nevada Co., Sonne; Antelope Valley, e. of Sierra- 

 ville, L. S. Smith 1580; American Valley, Plumas Co., B. M. Austin 10; McArthur, Shasta 

 Co., Alma Ames; Canby, Modoc Co., L. S. Sviith 916; Goose Lake Valley, ne. Modoc Co., Austin 

 4- Bruce 2256; Ft. Bidwell, Manning; Forestdale, sw. Modoc Co., M. S. Baker; Edgewood, Siski- 

 you Co., /. W. Eisling ; Yreka Hills, Butler 1124. 



Refs. — Viola beckwithii T. & G. Pac. R. Rep. 2:119, pi. 1 (1855), type loc. betw. Great 

 Salt Lake and the Sierra Nevada, Snyder; Jepson, Man. 643 (1925). 



2. V. halliiGray. Oregon Pansy. Plants 3 to 5 inches high; stems and basal 

 leaves arising from a deeply-seated rootstock, the cauline leaves short-petioled; 

 herbage glabrous; leaf -blades ovate or oblong and irregular in outline, subpin- 

 nately or palmately twice parted into lanceolate or linear segments and callous- 

 apiculate at their tips, 1 to IV2 inches long, the petioles of the basal leaves nearly 

 t-\\ace as long; peduncles I14 to 3^4 inches long; petals 3 to 6 lines long, strongly 

 2-colored, the upper deep blue or dark purple, the others light cream, purple- 

 veined at base, the lateral with a bearded spot on claw; stigma beakless, bearded 

 below its margin. 



Moist gravelly soil, wooded slopes, 2500 to 6600 feet : Mendocino Co. to Trinity 

 and Del Norte Cos. North to Oregon. May-July. 



