522 VIOLACEAE 



ern Humboldt Co. to Siskiyou Co. ; Sierra Nevada from Kern Co. to Shasta and 

 Modoc Cos. Nortli to Wa.shinfrton, ea.st to the Rocky Mts. Apr.-July. 



Note on variation. — The plants arc sometimes loose; they are often compact. The leaves 

 vary in size and shape; in a given collection they arc glabrous, or ciliate, or ciliate and also 

 puberulcnt on the nerves, or generally pubcrulent (especially on the lower side). These various 

 states of pubescence are not, however, associated with any definite leaf shapes or any particular 

 habit of the plant. Leaves with scantily pubescent nerves may be found on the same individuals 

 as leaves witli densely pubescent nerves (Parks ranch, Lassen Peak, Hall 4' Babcock 4325). Ciliate 

 leaves and non-cilia'to leaves, likewise, may be borne on the same individual (Forestdale, sw. 

 Modoc Co., M. S. Bal-cr). 



Locs. — North Coast Ranges: Trinity Summit, Davy 5805; Oro Fino, Siskiyou Co., Butler 

 1200. Sierra Nevada: Greenhorn Mts., Pcirson 10,692; Hog Ranch, Tuolumne Co., Hall 8901; 

 Squaw Valley, Placer Co., Sonne; Dog Valley, Sierra Co., Sonne; Burney Valley, Shasta Co., 

 Baktr if- Xutting; McCloud, Siskiyou Co., Gondii; Dixey Mts., Lassen Co., Baker 6r Nutting ; West 

 Valley, Warner Mts., L. S. Smith 760; Goose Lake Valley, ne. Modoc Co., E. M. Austin; Fort 

 Bidweli, ^fanning 80. 



Var. linguaefolia Jepson. Plants rather compact, 2 to 2% inches high; leaf-blades broadly 

 ovate to elliptic or elliptic-ovate, obtuse, % to IV2 inches long, the petioles 1 to IVo times as long. 

 — Montane, Placer Co. to Siskiyou Co., 6000 to 8000 feet: Truckee River, Sonne 24; Hot Springs 

 Valley (ridge n.), Lassen Peak, Jepson 12,284; Marble Mt., Jepson 2841. North to Washington. 



Var. praemorsa Wats. Long-leaf Violet. Plants 2V1> to 10 inches high; leaves and flower- 

 ing peduncles at first arising directly from the erect or ascending rootstocks, later developed on 

 the erect or ascending stems ; herbage villous-pubescent to nearly glabrous ; leaf -blades entire or 

 slightly repand-crenulate or barely denticulate, 1 to 3 inches long, more or less attenuate into the 

 long margined petiole ; petioles 3 to 6 inches long ; petals canary-yellow, more or less tinged with 

 brown or purple, 5 to 6 lines long; capsule ovate, pubescent. — Open grassy slopes or swales in 

 pine woods, 1700 to 5000 feet: Mendocino Co. to Humboldt Co.; Sierra Nevada from Placer Co. 

 to Shasta and Modoc Cos. North to British Columbia, east to the Rocky Mts. May-June. 



Locs. — North Coast Ranges: Sherwood Valley, Mendocino Co., Davy 5212; Harris, Mail 

 Ridge, Humboldt Co., Chandler 1085; South Yager'Creek, Humboldt Co., Tracy 6067; Buck Mt., 

 Humboldt Co., Tracy 4159; Kneeland Prairie, Humboldt Co., Tracy 2667. Ne. Cal.: Burney 

 Valley, Shasta Co., M. S. Baker ; Forestdale, sw. Modoc Co., M. S. Baker; Adin, Modoc Co., L. S. 

 Smith 921; Goose Lake, ne. Modoc Co., Austin 4' Bruce 2255; Fort Bidweli, Manning. 



Refs. — Viola nuttallii Pursh, Fl. 1:174 (1814), type from "the Missouri River," Nuttall; 

 Jepson, Man. 645 (1925). Var. unguaefolia Jepson, Man. 645 (1925). V. linguaefolia Nutt.; 

 T. & G. Fl. 1:141 (1838), type loc. "Kamas Prairie near the sources of the Oregon", Wyeth. 

 Y. nuttallii subsp. linguaefoli-a Piper; Piper & Beattie, Fl. Se. Wash. 166 (1914). V. iakeri 

 Greene, Pitt. 3:307 (1898), type loc. Bear Valley, Shasta Co., M. S. Baker. Var. praemorsa 

 Wats. Bot. King 35 (1871). V. praemorsa Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1254 (1829), type loc. 

 banks of the Columbia River, Bouqlas: Jepson, Man. 645 (1925). V. nuttallii subsp. praemorsa 

 Piper, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 11:393 (1906). 



9. V. glabella Nutt. Pioneer Violet. Stems erect, mostly weak, naked be- 

 low or nearly so, 3 to 12 inches high; rootstock horizontal, thick, fleshy-scaly, often 

 branching; herbage glabrous or puberulent, bright green; blades of basal leaves 

 renifomi-cordate, 1^/2 to 3% inches wide, mostly wider than long, on elongated 

 (2 to 11 inches) petioles, the cauline similar or cordate, on petioles 4 to 5 lines long; 

 stipules small and thin-membranous; peduncles about 1^/2 inches long; petals 

 bright yellow, the lateral and lower purple-veined, 3 to 6 lines long, the lateral 

 ones bearded; spur short and saccate; capsule oblong, 4 lines long, abruptly 

 beaked. 



\Vet places in woods : Coast Ranges, 25 to 6500 feet, from Monterey Co. to Sis- 

 kiyou Co. ; Sierra Nevada, 3500 to 8000 feet, from Tulare Co. to Modoc Co. North 

 to Alaska, east to the northern Rocky Mts. Mar.-July. 



Locs. — Coast Ranges: Santa Cruz, Heller 6555 ; Pilarcitos Creek, San Mateo Co., Davy 1056; 

 Redwood Peak, Oakland Hills, Jepson 6862; Villa Grande, Russian River, Dorothea Gorter; 

 Cazadero, Sonoma Co., Davy 1653; Camp Grant, Eel River, Jepson 16,376; Hydesville, Humboldt 

 Co., Tracy 4018; Trinity Summit, Jepson 2057; Shasta Sprs., Siskiyou Co., Butler 653; Whiskey 

 Camp, Independence Creek, Siskiyou Co., Butler 144 ; Quartz Valley, Siskiyou Co., Butler 1233. 

 Sierra Nevada: Giant Forest, K. Brandegee ; Huckleberry Mdws. near Grant Park, Newlon 206; 

 Pine Ridge, Fresno Co., Hall 4- Chandler 160 ; Crane Flat, Mariposa Co., Jepson 10,438 ; Peregoy 

 Mdw., Yosemite, Jepson 4342; Calaveras Big Trees, A. L. Grant; Grass Lake, Eldorado Co., 

 Pendleton 4- Eeed 1007; Blue Canon, Placer Co., H. A. Walker 1229; Quincy, MacXaught; Battle 



