524 VIOLACEAE 



twit upper eroam-i'olor, dfop puri)!i' on tlif l)ack. the :{ lower ones paler or whitish, 

 the lateral with a purple blotch at base, the lower purple-veined at base, bordered 

 or blotched with white; spur short, yellowish. 



Red. serpentine or rocky soil, under pines, 2000 to 5000 feet: North Coast 

 Ran<;es from Mendocino Co. to Shasta and Del Norte Cos. North to southwestern 

 Ore<2:on. ^lar.-June. 



Locs.— Kcd Mt., n. Mendocino Co., Jepson 16,514; Horse Mt., Humboldt Co., Tracy 7615; 

 Willow Creek, Humboldt Co., Baitan; Hupa Mt., n. Humboldt Co., Tracy 7560; Granite Peak, 

 Trinity Co., ace. ^f. S. Baker; Castella, Shasta Co., ace. M. S. Baker; Castle Lake, Siskiyou Co., 

 Lcmm'on ; Gasquct, Del Norte Co., Eastwood. Oregon: Waldo, M. S. Baker. 



Refs.— Vioi^ CUNEATA Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14:290 (1879), type loc. ridge s. of Trinity 

 River, Humboldt Co., Jiaitan ; Jepson, Man. 646 (1925). 



13. V. adunca Sm. Western Dog Violet. Stems tufted, very short (3 to 6 

 lines long:) or becoming: 1 to 4 inches long, leafy; leaf -blades round-ovate to elliptic- 

 ovate, the lower inclining to be subcordate, obscurely crenate, % to 1 inch long; 

 peduncles surpassing tlie leaves; petals violet, turning to red-purple, 4 to 6 lines 

 long, the lateral strongly bearded on the upper side at base, the upper pair with 

 a slight tuft in the middle at base; spur varying from much shorter to quite as 

 long as the petals. 



Ikleadows: Southern California mountains, 6000 to 7000 feet (Palomar Mt.; 

 San Bernardino Mts.) ; Coast Ranges, on hilltops near the sea (50 to 2000 feet) 

 from Monterev Co. to Del Norte Co., or in the inner Coast Ranges from Lake Co. 

 to Siskiyou Co. (3000 to 6000 feet) ; Sierra Nevada, 5000 to 7500 feet, from Tulare 

 Co. to Modoc Co. North to Alaska, east to the Rocky Mts. Mar.-Aug. 



Locs.— S. Cal. mts.: Palomar Mt. (Bull. S. Cal. Acad. 23:164) ; Talmadge Mill, San Bernar- 

 dino Mts., Parish 3398. Coast Ranges: Pajaro Hills, n. Monterey Co., Chandler 385; Pigeon Pt., 

 San Mateo Co., Folleit ; Mt. Davidson, San Francisco, Jepson 10,343 ; Inverness, Marin Co., Jepson 

 2465 ; Ft. Ross, Davy 1676 ; Elk Mt., n. Lake Co., Tracy 2290 ; Eureka, Tracy 1082 ; Crescent City, 

 Brewer 2203; Marble Mt., Siskiyou Co., Chandler 1585; Quartz Valley, Siskiyou Co., Butler 606. 

 Sierra Nevada: Mt. Silliman, Tulare Co., Brewer 2807; Huckleberry Mdws. near Grant Park, 

 Xewlon 209; Crane Flat, Mariposa Co., Jepson 10,441; Eagle Peak, Yosemite, Jepson 4372; 

 Hetch-Hetchy, A. L. Grant 812; Jonesville, Butte Co., Copeland; East Fork King Creek, se. 

 Shasta Co., Jepson 4110; Mineral, Tehama Co., J. Grinnell; High Grade, n. Warner Mts., L. S. 

 Smith 948. 



Var. oxyceras Jepson. Peduncles mostly shorter than the leaves ; spur narrow, acute, about 

 as long as the petals. — Shady spots, 6000 to 9500 feet: Sierra Nevada from Fresno Co. (Dinkey 

 Creek, Hall 4- Chandler 399) to Mariposa Co. (Tuolumne Mdws., Hall ^ Babcock 3541) and 

 Nevada Co. Also in Washington. It appears to be an unimportant mutant. 



Refs. — Viola adunca Sm.; Rees, Cyclop. 37, n. 63 (1817), type loc. "west coast of N. Am.", 

 Memies; Jepson, Man. 647, fig. 639 (1925). V. canina var. adunca Gray; Brew. & Wats. Bot. 

 Cal. 1:55 (1876) ; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 231 (1901), ed. 2, 266 (1911). V. filipes Greene, 

 Pitt. 4:289 (1901), type from Modoc Co., M. S. Baker. Var. oxyceras Jepson, Man. 647 (1925). 

 V. canina var. oxyceras Wats.; B. & W. Bot. Cal. 1:56 (1876), type loc. Yosemite Valley, Brewer. 

 V. adunca subsp. oxyceras Piper, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 11:395 (1906). 



14. V. nephrophylla Greene. Coiarron^ Violet. Plants 3 to 8 inches high, 

 the leaves and scape-like peduncles arising directly from a short thick rootstock; 

 herbage glabrous; leaf -blades ovate-reniform or -cordate, crenate, % to 214 inches 

 long, on petioles 2 to 6 inches long; peduncles usually exceeding the leaves; petals 

 pale violet, 5 to 7 lines long, the lower and lateral strongly bearded, the spur saccate. 



Shady moist ground, 3000 to 6000 feet : San Jacinto, San Bernardino and San 

 Gabriel mountains; Sierra Nevada (east side or easterly valleys) from Inyo Co. 

 to Modoc Co. North to British Columbia, east to Quebec, south in the Rocky Mts. 

 to New Mexico. Mar.-June. 



Locs. — Cismontane S. Cal. : Coahuila Valley, Hall 1928 ; Mill Creek, San Bernardino Mts., 

 Jepson 5570; Edgar Canon, San Bernardino Mts., Hall 99; Seven Oaks, Parish; Lytle Creek 

 Canon, San Antonio Mts., Hall 892. Sierra Nevada : Bishop Creek, Inyo Co., Shockley 432 ; 

 Donner Lake, Sonne; White Horse Lake, Modoc Co., M. S. Baker; West Valley, Warner Mts., 

 L. S. Smith 811; Ft. Bidwell, Manning 123. 



