VIOLET FAMILY 525 



Eefs. — Viola nephrophylla Greene, Pitt. 3 :144 (1896), type loc. valley of Cimarron River, 

 w. Colo., Greene; Jepson, Man. 647 (1925). F. cucullata B. & W. Bot. Cal. 1:55 (1876) ; not V. 

 cucullata Ait. (1789). V. cognata Greene, Pitt. 3:145 (1896), "northern Rocky Mts. and ■west- 

 ward". V. austinae Greene, Pitt. 5 :30 (1902), based on spms. from Plumas Co., B. M. Austin, and 

 from Lassen Co., M. S. BaJcer. F. obliqua of Cal. authors. 



15. V. palustris L. Marsh Violet. Peduncles scape-like, these and the leaves 

 arising directly from the slender or filiform rootstock, 3 to 5 inches high; leaf- 

 blades round-cordate, 1 to 2 inches long; petals pale violet, sometimes white, 3 to 5 

 lines long. 



Wet brushy places or shaded edges of swamps, 5 to 200 feet : Mendocino Co. to 

 Del Norte Co. North to Alaska, east to Labrador, south to Colorado and Utah; 

 Europe, Asia. May-July. 



Locs. — Noyo, Mendocino Co. ace. If. S. BaJcer; Eureka, Tracy 6242; Big Lagoon, Humboldt 

 Co., Tracy 7919. 



Refs.— Viola palustris L. Sp. PI. 934 (1753), type from Europe; Jepson, Man. 647 (1925), 

 V. howellii and langsdorffii Jepson, Man. 647 (1925) ; not V, howellii Gray (1887) nor V, langs- 

 dorffiiFisch, (1824), 



16. V. blanda Willd. var. macloskeyi Jepson. Western White Violet. 

 Plants % to 3 inches high; peduncles scape-like, these and the leaves arising from 

 underground filiform rootstocks ; herbage glabrous or nearly so ; leaf -blades ovate- 

 cordate to round-reniform, crenulate, thin, 14 to 1^/2 inches long, on slender mar- 

 ginless petioles ; flowers faintly sweet-scented ; sepals oblong-lanceolate to broadly 

 lanceolate ; petals white, 3 to 4 lines long, commonly beardless, the lowermost 

 usually conspicuously dark-veined. 



Wet meadows and creek margins, high montane, 4000 to 10,000 feet : San 

 Jacinto and San Bernardino mountains; Sierra Nevada from Tulare Co. to Sis- 

 kiyou Co. ; North Coast Ranges from Lake Co. to Siskiyou Co. North to Canada, 

 east to Colorado. June-Sept. 



Field note. — The lower broadly obovate petal is the largest ; it is purplish- or brown-veined 

 on the white ground. The lateral petals are subject to a half twist, thus causing the upper portion 

 of blade to face do'RTiward ; at the auricle near the base on the upper side they have a small hairy 

 spot. The upper petals are obovate and turned backward and upward. — Seavey Pass, near Ker- 

 rick Canon, Sierra Nevada, 



Locs, — Mt, San Jacinto (Univ. Cal, Publ, Bot. 1:95); Bluff Lake, San Bernardino Mts,, 

 Munz 5627. Sierra Nevada: Junction MdAv., Kern Canon, Jepson 1052; Mt. Silliman, Jepson 

 745 ; Huckleberry Mdws., near Grant Park, Newlon 207 ; McKinley Big Trees, Jepson 16,016 ; 

 Huntington Lake, E. Ferguson 363 ; Crane Flat, Mariposa Co., Jepson 10,436 ; betw. Yosemite 

 Falls and Eagle Peak, Jepson 4351; Matterhorn Canon, Tuolumne Co., Jepson 3366; Herring 

 Creek, South Fork Stanislaus River, A. L. Grant 111 ; Calaveras Big Trees, A. L. Grant; Mineral, 

 Tehama Co., J. Grinnell; Lassen Peak, Jepson 4094 ; Mt. Shasta (N. Am. Fauna 16 : 154) . North 

 Coast Ranges: Mt. Hull; South Fork Mt., e. Humboldt Co., Tracy 8974. 



Refs. — Viola blanda Willd. Hort. Berol. t. 24 (1816), type from North America. Var. 

 MACLOSKEYI Jcpson, Man, 648, fig. 640 (1925). V. macloskeyi Lloyd, Erythea 3:74 (1895), type 

 loc. Cascades se. of Mt. Hood, Ore., Lloyd. F. blanda Jepson, Man. I.e. F. anodonta Greene, 

 Pitt. 5:32 (1902), type loc. "mts. of Fresno Co." (that is Peckinpah Mill, now Madera Co.), 

 PecTcinpah. F. parnassifolia Greene, I.e., type loc. Butterfly Valley, Plumas Co., B. M. Austin. 



17. V. occidentalis Howell. Western Primrose Violet. Peduncles scape- 

 like, these and the leaves arising directly from the rootstock, 3 to 6 inches high; 

 herbage glabrous; leaf -blades ovate to rhomboid-ovate, % to 2 inches long, attenu- 

 ate at base into a long petiole; petals white, the lower veined with purple, the lateral 

 ones with a bearded spot. 



Marshes, 5 to 2500 feet : Del Norte Co. North to southwestern Oregon. Apr, 



Loc, — Gasquet, Eastwood. 



Refs.— Viola occidentalis Howell, Fl. Nw. Am. 69 (1897) ; Jepson, Man. 648 (1925), F. 

 primulaefolia var, occidentalis Gray, Bot, Gaz. 11:255 (1886), type loc. Waldo, Ore., T. Howell. 



