562 ONAGRACEAE 



Refs.— LuDWioiA NATAXS Ell. Sketch Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1:581 (1821), type loc. Barnwell dis- 

 trict, S. C. Isnardia natans Small, Bull. Torr. Club 2-4:177 (1897). 



3. ZAUSCHNERIA Presl 



Low perennials witli large scarlet Fuclisia-like flowers. Leaves alternate (the 

 lowest opposite), siibsessile or sessile. Calyx above the ovary colored like the 

 corolla, its tube funnelforin with a globose base (nectar-bearing within), and ap- 

 pendaged witliin at the most constricted portion with several erect and deflexed 

 scales. Calyx-lobes 4, erect. Petals 4, obcordate or 2-cleft, inserted on the summit 

 of the calyx-tube and rather shorter than the calyx-lobes. Stamens 8, exserted, 

 colored like the corolla; anthers linear-oblong, attached by the middle. Style long 

 and exserted; stigma 4-lobed. Capsule linear, obtusely 4-angled, 4-valved and 

 imperfectly 4-celled. Seeds oblong, with a tuft of hairs at the apex. — Species 3, 

 western North America. (M. Zau.schner, a Bohemian botanist, one time Professor 

 of Natural History in the University of Prague.) 



Zauschneria is represented in California by numerous variable forms, many of which have 

 been published as species by various authors. In the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Cali- 

 fornia, 1925, these forms were united into three main phases which were designated as species. 

 While intermediates exist, these species approximate natural entities, both on morphological 

 grounds and by reason of the geographic distribution. This solution of the problem, an accept- 

 ance of three species, was followed by Hilond in 1929. 



Bibliog. — Greene, E. L., The species of Zauschneria (Pitt. 1:23-28, — 1887). Moxley, Geo. 

 L., Two new Zauschnerias (Bull. S. Cal. Acad. 15:22, — 1916) ; Notes on Zauschneria (I.e. 15:47- 

 54,-1916); A study in Zauschneria (Southwest Sci. Bull. 1:13-29, pis. 2-4,-1920); Further 

 notes on Zauschneria (Bull. S. Cal. Acad. 20:54-55, — 1921). Hilend, Martha, A revision of the 

 genus Zauschneria (Am. Jour. Bot. 16:58-68, — 1929). 



Leaf -blades linear to linear-lanceolate, the lateral veins commonly not evident; calyx-tube not 

 veiny or not markedly so. 



Petals exceeding calyx-lobes; leaves (1 or) 1% to 4 lines wide 1. Z. calif ornica. 



Petals shorter than calyx-lobes; leaves ^ to 1 line wide 2. Z. cana. 



Leaf -blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4 to 9 lines wide, the lateral veins usually obvious ; calyx- 

 tube commonly with prominent longitudinal veins 3. Z. latifolia. 



1. Z. californica Presl. Mexican Balsamea. Stems decumbent or suberect, 

 % to 21/2 feet high, usually simple and leafless below, but leafy and commonly with 

 short opposite branches above; bark tending to exfoliate below; herbage green- 

 pubescent, often a little glandular; leaf-blades linear or lanceolate-linear, entire 

 or somewhat denticulate, greenish or canescent, % to 11/4 inches long, the lateral 

 veins usually not evident ; flowers 1 to II/2 inches long above ovary, disposed in few- 

 flowered spikes. 



Dry benches, rocky hillsides or cliffs, 50 to 8000 feet : Coast Kanges from Men- 

 docino and Lake Cos. to San Luis Obispo Co. ; Sierra Nevada foothills from Mari- 

 posa Co. to Tulare Co. ; ooastal Southern California. South to Lower California. 

 July-Get. 



Locs. — Coast Eanges : Piercy, South Fork Eel River, nw. Mendocino Co., Jepson 9474 ; Wel- 

 don Canon, Vaca Mts., Jepson 14,427; Yountville, Napa Co., F. L. ClarTc; Agua Caliente, Sonoma 

 Co., Jepson 6193; Mt. Tamalpais, Jepson 9508; Berkeley, Jepson 9827; Mt. Diablo, Jepson 9515; 

 Los Buellis Hills, Mt. Hamilton Range, R. J. Smith; New Almaden, Santa Clara Co., Davy 359; 

 Carmel Bay, Elmer 4039; Santa Lucia Creek, Santa Lucia Mts., Jepson 4749; San Luis Obispo, 

 /Summers. Sierra Nevada: Wawona (Clarks), Mariposa Co., Bolander 5014; Mono Ranger Mdw., 

 South Fork San Joaquin River, Jepson 13,187; Whittaker Forest, Tulare Co., E. D. Merrill. 

 Coastal S. Cal.: Ojai Valley, Olive Thacher; Arroyo Seco, Los Angeles, E. D. Palmer; West 

 Fork San Gabriel River, Peirson 280; San Bernardino Mts., Parish; Trabuco Canon, Santa Ana 

 Mts., Munz 7764; Paloroar Mt., Esther Hewlett. 



Var. villosa Jepson. Herbage white-tomentose ; leaf -blades usually narrowly linear. — 

 Rocky cliffs and ridges, 20 to 1000 feet: Humboldt Co. to Solano and Alameda Cos.; coastal 

 Southern California. June-Oct. 



Locs. — South Fork Trinity River, Humboldt Co., Tracy 5942 ; Richardson Grove, South Fork 

 Eel River, Jepson 10,652; Lake Co., Greene; Calistoga, Jepson 14,429; Tolenas Sprs., Vaca Mts., 

 J«pson 14,430; Berkeley Hills, Jepson 6195. The Southern California representatives of this 



