EVENING PRIMROSE FAMILY 



575 



Biol. note. — The deep crimson anthers of the four long stamens open only by a pore beneath 

 the terminal appendage. The white anthers of the four short stamens open their full length. 

 Each filament of both sets has a dense tuft of hairs at the base, so that there appears to be a 

 ring of hairs at the throat. Below this, in the calyx-cup is another ring of hairs, very distinct, 

 but not so dense. The following observations are made in a colony under a Blue Oak (Quercus 

 douglasii) tree standing on a steep slope covered with leaf mold. Bees are visiting the flowers. 

 The bee alights on the protruding white style and stamen cluster and hangs on in this way. The 

 petals spread right and left in pairs and do not interfere with the landing of the bee nor the 

 downward free-swinging of his body. Apparently he feeds on the freely exposed pollen masses 

 of the short white anthers, his hairy body resting on the long anthers. The hairs of the under 

 surface of the body inevitably pick up pollen from the long crimson anthers. These long anthers 

 have the pollen so disposed that the bee could not easily feed from them, but this pollen if carried 

 by the under parts to another flower would be thrust directly against the stigmas of the pro- 

 truding style which stands directly in the landing area. — Jepson Field Book, upper San Benito 

 Eiver near Lorenzo Creek, June 2, 1927, vol. 46, pp. 43—45 (ms.). 



Locs. — Coast Ranges: Mill Creek, Mendocino Co., Easiv;ood; Gates Canon, Vaca Mts., Jep- 

 son 14,419; Guemeville, E. Ferguson 228; Sonoma Canon, Kenwood, Jepson 10,014; Tamalpais, 

 K. Brandegee ; Mt. Diablo, Jepson 7598; Niles, Jepson; Alpine School, 

 San Mateo Co., Elmer 4293 ; Los Gatos Canon, Santa Clara Co., Heller 

 7482 ; Boulder Creek, Santa Cruz Co., H. A. Wallcer 748 ; Carmel Valley, 

 E. Ferguson 260; Willow Creek (s. branch), San Benito Co., Jepson 

 12,249; Los Gatos Creek, w. Fresno Co., Jepson 12,179; Arroyo Grande, 

 •San Luis Obispo Co., Alice King; La Panza, Keck 2826. Sierra 

 Nevada: betw. Morley sta. and Stevens, Shasta Co., M. S. Baker 386; 

 Oroville, Heller 10,767; Newcastle, Placer Co., W. W. Mackie; New 

 York Ravine, Eldorado Co., K. Brandegee ; Jackson, Hansen; Harmon 

 Peak, Calaveras Co., Davy 1414 ; Parrott Ferry, Stanislaus River, A. L. 

 Grant; betw. Tehipite Valley and Gnat Mdw., E. Ferguson 532; Trim- 

 mer Sprs., Kings River, H. P. Eelley; Kaweah, Tulare Co., Hopping 

 190 ; Springville, Tule River, Purpus 1318; Blue Mt., Greenhorn Range, 

 Hall 4- Babcock 5001. Tehachapi Mts.: Bisses sta., Dudley 448; Ft. 

 Tejon, Parish 2047. S. Cal.: Santa Inez River, Santa Barbara Co., 

 Hall 7848; Ojai Valley, Ventura Co., Olive Thacher 28; Mandeville 

 Canon, Santa Monica Mts., Anderson <^ Epling ; Tujunga Canon, San 

 Gabriel Mts., Peirson 2086 ; Icehouse Canon, San Antonio Mts., Parish 

 11,937. 



Refs. — Clarkia elegans Dougl. ; Lindl. Eot. Reg. t. 1575 (1833), 

 type from Cal., Douglas; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 331 (1901), ed. 2, 

 277 (1911), Man. 673, fig. 660 (1925). Oenothera elegans Levi. Monog. Onoth. 289 (1908). C. 

 unguiculata Lindl. Bot. Reg. sub. t. 1981 (1837), type from Cal., Douglas. Phaeostoma douglasii 

 Spach, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Par. ser. 3, 4:395 (1835), in part. P. elegans Lilja, Fl. Sverig. Suppl. 

 25 (1840). C. eiseniana Kell. Proc. Cal. Acad. 7:94 (1877), type loc. "near Fresno," Eisen. 



Clarkia pulchella Pursh, Fl. 260, pi. 11 (1814), type loc. "on the Kooskoosky and Clark's 

 rivers" (now Kamiah, Ida.), Lewis; Jepson, Man. 673 (1925). Petals lilac, deeply 3-lobed, the 

 claw with a tooth on each side; stamens dimorphic, four sterile with rudimentary anthers, and 

 four with fertile anthers, the filaments bearing a scale on each side at base. — Oregon to British 

 Columbia and South Dakota. Greene (Fl. Fr. 223) cites it from Plumas Co., Cal., but probably 

 erroneously. 



3. C. xantiana Gray. Tejon Clarkia. Stem 1 to 2^4 feet hit'h; herbaj^e 

 glabrous, glaucous; petals broadly obcuneate, contracted below to a broad claw, 

 pink, 2-lobed, with a subulate lobe in the sinus, 6 to 8 lines long; capsule slender, 

 rather strict and nearly straight, puberulent, 10 to 11 lines long. 



Dry loose soil, hill slopes, 3400 to 7500 feet : Greenhorn Range; Tehachapi Mts.; 

 Mt. Pinos region; San Gabriel Mts. May- June. 



Locs. — Greenhorn Range, Hall ^ Babcock 5084. Tehachapi Mts.: Caliente, K. Brandegee; 

 Ft. Tejon, Parish 1898. Mt. Pinos region: Frazier Mt., Hall 6599. San Gabriel Mts.: Rock 

 Creek, Peirson 3535; Cucamonga Mt. (Bull. Torr. Club 56:193j. 



Refs. — Clarkia xantlana Gray, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 7:146 (1861), type loc. Ft. 

 Tejon, Xantus de Vesey 31; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 332 (1901), ed. 2, 277 (1911), Man. 673 

 (1925). Phaeostoma xantiana Nels. Bot. Gaz. 52:267 (1911). C. parviflora Eastw. Bull. Torr. 

 Club 30:492 (1903), type loc. Kemville, Kern Co., T. Brandegee. Phaeostoma parviflora Nels. 

 Bot. Gaz. 52:267 (1911). 



4. C. concinna Greene. Red Ribbons. Stems simple below or diffusely much 

 branched from the base, 1/2 to 2 feet high; herbage nearly glabrous; leaf -blades 



Fig. 254. Clarkia 



ELEGANS Dougl.; fl., 



X 1. 



