HALORAGEAE 609 



11. CIRCAEA L. Enchanter's Nightshade 



Low slender perennials with thin opposite petioled leaves. Flowers small, 

 white, in terminal and lateral racemes. Calyx-tube obconic, very short, the base 

 nearly filled by a cup-shaped disk, deciduous. Calyx-lobes 2, reflexed. Petals 2, 

 obcordate. Stamens 2, alternate with the petals. Ovary 1 or 2-celled, each cell 

 1-ovuled. Fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded, indehiscent, pear-shaped and bristly with 

 hooked hairs. — Species 7, North America, Europe and Asia. (Circe, sea- nymph, 

 daughter of the Sun and of Perse.) 



1. C. pacifica Asch. & Mag. Stem from a short rootstock, usually simple, 6 

 to 14 inches high; herbage glabrous; leaf -blades orbicular to mostly ovate, obtuse 

 to cordate at base, acuminate, obscurely repand-denticulate or almost entire, 1 to 

 2 inches long, on petioles % to 1 inch long; racemes bractless; flowers I/2 line long; 

 calyx white; fruit % to 1 line long. 



Rich humus in moist shady woods : San Bernardino Mts., 4300 to 7400 feet; 

 North Coast Ranges from Marin Co. to Siskiyou Co., 200 to 3500 feet; Sierra 

 Nevada from Tulare Co. to Modoc Co., 4000 to 7000 feet. North to British Co- 

 lumbia and Idaho. June- Aug. 



Locs. — San Bernardino Mts.: Little Bear Valley, Chandler; Sawpit Caiion, Ewan 5160. 

 Coast Kanges: Papermill Creek, Marin Co., Jepson 8279; Willow Creek, Trinity Eiver Valley, 

 Humboldt Co., Tracy 3311; Sisson, Jepson 14,387; Shackelford Creek, Siskiyou Co., Butler 1499. 

 Sierra Nevada: Marble Fork, Tulare Co., Jepson 646; Huntington Lake, A. L. Grant 1148; 

 Grouse Creek, betw. Yosemite and Wawona, Jepson 4286; Brigbtman Flat, Tuolumna Co., A. L. 

 Grant 890a ; Snowdon ranch, Calaveras Big Trees, Jepson 14,388 ; Bear Valley, Nevada Co., 

 Jepson 14,389; Pioneer sta., Sierra Co., Jepson 16,806; Taylor Creek, Forestdale, sw. Modoe Co., 

 M. S. BaTcer. 



Eefs. — CiRCAEA PACIFICA Asch. & Mag. Bot. Zeit. 29:392 (1871), type loc. "a 37-49° latitud. 

 bor. in California nempe ad molendinum chartarium pr. San Francisco (Bolander! )", undoubtedly 

 Papermill Creek, Marin Co., where it is still found; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 338 (1901), ed. 2, 

 284 (1911), Man. 690 (1925). C. lutetiana Bol. Cat. PI. S. F. 12 (1870), not L. (1753). 



HALORAGEAE. Water-milfoil Family 



Perennial aquatic herbs, the leaves (in ours) in whorls. Flowers sessile in the 

 axils of leaves or bracts, perfect or unisexual. Calyx-tube coherent with the ovary, 

 the limb very short or obsolete. Petals small or none. Stamens 1, 4, or 8. Ovary 

 1 to 4-celled; stigmas 1 to 4. Fruit a 1-seeded indehiscent nutlet, or 4-lobed and 

 splitting into 4 nutlets. 



Bibliog.— Brewer, W. H., and Watson, S., Halorageae in Bot. Cal. 1:214-216 (1876). 

 Schindler, A. K., Halorrhagaceae (Engler, Pflzr. 4-^^:1-133, figs. 1-36, — 1905). 



Leaves all entire; flowers perfect; stamen 1; ovary 1-celled 1. Hippuris. 



Immersed leaves capillary-dissected; flowers polygamous; stamens 4 or 8; ovary 4-celled 



2. Myriophyllum. 



1. HIPPURIS L. 



Stems erect, unbranched. Leaves simple, their blades entire, sessile. Flowers 

 minute, usually perfect, sessile in the axils. Petals none. Calyx-limb a narrow 

 entire rim. Stamen 1, inserted on the anterior edge of the calyx. Style 1, filiform, 

 stigmatic down one side. Ovary 1-celled, becoming a 1-seeded nutlet. — Species 3, 

 north temperate and arctic zones and in Patagonia. (Greek hippos, a horse, and 

 oura, a tail.) 



1. H. vulgaris L. Mare's Tail. Stem simple, 1 to 2 feet long (commonly 

 emersed 4 to 7 inches) ; herbage glabrous; leaves about 7 to 10 in a whorl, their 

 blades linear, acute, 6 to 9 lines long; fruit nearly 1 line long. 



Shallow margins of ponds and about springs, 5 to 7000 feet : infrequent but 

 widely distributed in California. North America, Europe, Asia, Patagonia. May- 

 July. 



