612 UMBELLIFERAE 



base (styloprKliiim). Fruit consistinp: of two carpels united by their faces (com- 

 missure), flattened later.ally (i. e., flattened sidewise or contrary to the commis- 

 sure), or flattened dorsally (i. e., each carpel flattened on tlie back or parallel with 

 the commissure), or not flattened at all. Each carpel with 5 ribs or rid<;es, one 

 down the back (dorsal rib), 2 on the edjre near the commissure (lateral ribs), and 

 2 between the dorsal and lateral ribs (intei-mediate ribs). Between the ribs are 

 the spaces called intervals: — the dorsal intervals are those next to the dorsal rib; 

 the lateral intervals are those next to the lateral ribs. Beneath the intervals (in 

 the tissue of the pericarp), as also on the commissural side, are oil-tubes. Carpels 

 1-seeded, splitting apart at maturity, each borne on a filiform division of the re- 

 ceptacle (or carpophore) which is prolonged between them. The "seed-face" is 

 against the commissure. Embryo small; endosperm cartilaginous. — The inflores- 

 cence is frequently irregularly compound; in a few genera the fruit has no ribs, 

 and in others no oil-tubes. The number of oil-tubes in a given species is, generally 

 speaking, a reliable character but it should be noted that there is here, also, con- 

 siderable variation. The character of the ribs and oil-tubes should be ascertained 

 by examination of perfectly mature fruit. IMany of the species are poisonous or 

 have poisonous parts, although many others, such as Parsley, Carrot and Parsnip, 

 have edible organs and are classed as food plants. — Genera about 230, species 2600, 

 all continents. 



Bibliog. — Watson, S., Western N. Am. species of Peucedanum (Proc. Am. Acad. 11:141- 

 145, — 1876). Coulter, J. M., and Rose, J. N., Some notes on western Umbelliferae (Bot. Gaz. 

 13:77-81, 141-146, 208-211,-1888) ; Revision of N. Am. Umbelliferae 1-144, pis. 1-9 (1888); 

 Notes on N. Am. Umbelliferae (Bot. Gaz. 14:274-284, — 1889); Revision of Lilaeopsis (Bot. 

 Gaz. 24:47-49, figs. 1-4,-1897) ; Monog. N. Am. Umbelliferae (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7:9- 

 256, figs. 1-65 and pis. 1-9, — 1900) ; Suppl. (I.e. 12 : 441-455, — 1909). Greene, E. L., Concerning 

 some California Umbelliferae (Pitt. 1:269-276, — 1889); Vegetative characters of the species 

 of Cicuta (Pitt. 2:1-11,-1889); New species of Cicuta (Lflts. 2:236-241,-1912). Parish, 

 S. B., Tuberiferous roots of Hydrocotyle americana Kell. (Zoe 2:116-117, — 1891). Jepson, 

 W. L., Studies in Californian Umbelliferae (Erythea 1:8-10, — 1893); Revision of Californian 

 Umbelliferae (Madrono l:101a-114, 117-130, 133-146, 149-162, 281-285, figs. 1-38,-1923- 

 1929). Hedrick, U. P., A plant that poisons cattle, Cicuta vagans Greene (Ore. Agr. Exp. Sta. 

 Bull. 46:1-12, pis. 1-4,-1897). Wolff, H., Umbelliferae-Sanieuloideae (Engler, Pflzr. 4"«:1- 

 305, figs. 1-42, — 1913) ; Umbelliferae-Apioideae-Ammineae-Carinac, Ammineae novemjugatae et 

 genuineae (I.e. 4=^:1-398, figs. 1-26, — 1927). Marsh, C. W., and Clawson, A. B., Cicuta or water 

 hemlock (U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 69:1-27, pis. 1-4,-1914). Hoar, C. S., Comparison of the stem 

 anatomy of the cohort Umbelliferae (Ann. Bot. 29:55-63, pis. 4-5, — 1915). Macbride, J. F., 

 Certain N. Am. Umbelliferae (Contrib. Gray Herb. 56:28-35,-1918). Hill, A. W., The genus 

 Lilaeopsis (Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 47:525-551, figs. 1-16 and pis. 19-20,-1927). Mathias, M. E., 

 Studies in the Umbelliferae. I. Glehnia (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 15:91-112, fig. 1, pis. 17-20,— 

 1928); II. [Notes on] Neoparrya, Eryngium and Pimpinella (i.e. 16:393-398, pi. 33,-1929); 

 III. A monograph of Cymopterus, including a critical study of related genera (I.e. 17:213—476, 

 pis. 21-51, — 1930). Jackson, G., A study of the carpophore of the Umbelliferae (Am. Jour. Bot. 

 20:121-144,-1933). 



A. Fruit not prickly or scaly (sometimes hairy, rarely tuberculate or scabrous as nos. 6 and 7) . 



I. Ribs of the fruit not winged ; fruit not flattened dorsally, sometimes a little 



FLATTENED LATERALLY. 



1. Oil-tubes none. 

 Stems creeping or trailing ; leaves simple ; umbel simple or proliferous. 



Leaves alternate or basal, the blades orbicular or peltate ; carpels with filiform ribs ; peren- 

 nials 1. Hydrocotyle. 



Leaves opposite, the blades usually cordate ; carpels without ribs; annuals 2. Bowlesia. 



Stems erect; leaves decompound; stem purple-dotted 3. Conium. 



2. Oil-tubes present. 

 Petals conspicuously unequal; lower leaves with broad leaflets, the upper dissected 



4. COELANDRXJM. 



Petals equal or essentially so. 

 Ribs not corky-thickened. 



Flowers white, rarely pinkish, or at least not yellow. 

 Oil-tubes solitary in the intervals. 



