PARSLEY FAMILY 619 



divisions ; bractlets lanceolate, acuminate, entire, scarious-margined at base ; fruit 

 less than 1 line long; carpels with concave face; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 

 2 on the commissure. 



Low valley lands, 5 to 100 feet : European weed, naturalized in Napa Valley. 

 June-Aug. 



Locs. — Union sta., Jepson 7435 in 1917 ; Salvador School, Jepson 9066 in 1920 ; Yountville, 

 Jepson 14,204 in 1893. 



Refs.— Ammi majus L. Sp. PI. 243 (1753) ; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 352 (1901), ed. 2, 296 

 (1911), Man. 707 (1925). 



2. A. visnaga Lam. Toothpick Weed. Stouter, 1/3 to 2% feet high; leaves 

 tri-ternately dissected into filiform segments 3 to 6 lines long ; fruiting umbels and 

 umbellets contracted; fruit about 1 line long. 



Valley flats, 400 feet, naturalized from Europe : Santa Clara Valley. July- 

 Sept., fr. Oct. 



Introduction note. — This species was collected at Saratoga in September, 1893 (Davy 248) 

 and must, therefore, have been introduced prior thereto. Collected again in 1912 (Jepson 5156) 

 and yet again in 1920 (H. A. Button), its slow spread has, apparently, been confined essentially 

 to one locality. 



Eefs. — Ammi visnaga Lam. Fl. Fr. 3 :462 (1778) ; Jepson, Man. 707 (1925). Daucus visnaga 

 L. Sp. PI. 242 (1753), type south European. 



9. CARUML. 



Ours erect and slender glabrous biennials or perennials. Leaves or their ter- 

 nate divisions simply pinnate, rarely bipinnate; leaflets few, linear and entire, or 

 ovate or oblong and serrate. Flowers white, in compound umbels. Involucre of 

 entire bracts or none. Involucels of entire bractlets. Calyx-teeth small. Stylo- 

 podium conical. Fruit ovate or oblong, somewhat laterally compressed, with fili- 

 form or salient ribs. Oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 to 6 on the commissure. — 

 Species 22, North America, Europe, Asia and Africa. (Karon, Greek name of the 

 Caraway.) 



Leaflets linear ; involucre none or of 1 or 2 small linear-setaceous bracts ; ribs filiform. 



Stems clustered, arising from a fascicle of coarse roots; involucre inconspicuous, of 1 or 2 



small bracts or none; styles short 1. C. Tcelloggii. 



Stems solitary, arising from a tuber or cluster of tubers ; styles long. 



Fruit about 1 line long; Sierra Nevada and coastal; common 2. C. gairdneri. 



Fruit 11/2 to 2 lines long; Siskiyou Co.; rare 3. C. oreganum. 



Leaflets ovate to oblong ; stems solitary, from a tuber or a cluster of tubers ; bracts of the in- 

 volucre about 12 to 15, lanceolate, at length reflexed; ribs salient 4. C. liowellii. 



1. C. kelloggii Gray. Dobie Spindle-root. Stems several from a fascicle 

 of coarse and hard fibrous roots, 3 to 5 feet high; basal leaves 5 to 10 inches 

 long, ternate, each division pinnate with narrowly linear divisions 3 to 4 inches 

 long; cauline leaves similar but smaller; involucral bracts and involucel bractlets 

 several, lanceolate or subulate; rays % to II/2 inches long; stylopodium very large, 

 with short stout styles; carpels frequently unequal or only one maturing. 



Adobe or clay soil of open foothills or low valley flats, 300 to 2400 feet : Coast 

 Ranges from Santa Clara Co. to Humboldt Co. ; Sierra Nevada from Mariposa Co. 

 to Shasta Co. July- Aug. 



Geog. note.^ — Although Carum kelloggii has a wide distribution in the foothills of northern 

 California it is much localized in occurrence and usually forms colonies of restricted area on the 

 heaviest hillside adobe, — adobe which is water-saturated in the rainy season. Likewise, similar 

 habitats on flats, that is, bolsas or shallow evanescent rain-lakes, present highly favorable con- 

 ditions for it. On the flat of lower Conn Valley in the Napa Range it is the dominant over fifty- 

 acres and in places nearly pure (Jepson 6252). 



The coarse thickened roots which form the fascicle beneath the stem base in Carum kelloggii 

 are slenderly fusiform, 1 to 2^/4 lines thick and about 9 to 12 (or 15) lines long; they contract 

 gradually downward into a cord-like prolongation. These cord-like roots at a depth of 3 to 9 



