G20 UMBELLIFERAE 



inches eometimcs develop tubers 2 to 3 lines thick and 2'/{. to 11 lines lonp. These tubers are 

 rather abruptly contracted below into a cord-liko root. Since this species inhabits soil which 

 desiccates or cracks deeply in summer, such deep-seating of the tubers is important in conserving 

 the plant during the long drought period. It is probable that multiplication also results from 

 this habit. 



Locs. — Coast Ranges: Pt. Joe, irontcrey, Jcpson 9743a; Los Gatos, Heller 7535; Oakland 

 Hills, Jcpson 14,216; Pt. Reyes hills, Jcpson 1168; Fairfax Manor, Marin Co., Jcpson 9490; 

 Vacaville, Jcpson 14,213; IIowcll Mt., Jcpson; Grasshopper Peak, Bull Creek, Humboldt Co., 

 Jcpson 16,488; Alton, Humboldt Co., Tracy 3999; Trinity Center, Trinity Co., Lorenzen; Red- 

 ding, Blankinship. Sierra Nevada: Hamilton sta., Mariposa Co., Lemmon; Avena sta., e. San 

 Joaquin Co., San ford; New York Falls, Amador Co., Hansen 72; lone, Braunton 1138; Shingle 

 Sprs., Eldorado Co., Kennedy ; Chico (e. of), H. A. Button. 



Rofs. — Carum KELLOGOii Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7:344 (1868), based on spms. from San Jose, 

 Breiver 832, Oakland. Bolander, and Bolinas, Kellogg; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 352 (1901), 

 ed. 2, 296 (1911), Man. 707, fig. 687 (1925). Ataenia kelloggii Greene, Pitt. 1:274 (1889). 



2. C. gairdneri Gray. Squaw-root. Stem solitary, 1 to 3V-} feet high, from 

 a tuberous root or a fascicle of such; leaves few, simply pinnate, the leaflets 3 to 7 

 (or 9), linear, 2 to 4 inches long; upper leaves mostly simple; flowering rays 3 to 

 6 lines long, in fruit about twice as long; involucre of 1 or 2 linear acute bracts or 

 none; involucels of few linear acuminate bractlets; fruit broadly oblong to elliptic 

 or ovatish, 1 to II/2 (or 2) lines long; stylopodium low, with long slender styles. 



Adobe flats or meadows or open hills : Coast Ranges from San Luis Obispo Co. 

 to Siskiyou Co., 10 to 4000 feet; Sierra Nevada from Tulare Co. to Lassen Co., 3000 

 to 7000 feet. East to Colorado, north to British Columbia. July-Sept. 



Field note. — Carum gairdneri is sometimes so abundant as to whiten, in its flowering time, 

 the meadows in the northern Sierra Nevada. In the Coast Ranges it and Carum kelloggii some- 

 times grow in close association, as on open slopes of Howell Mt. in the Napa Range. As there 

 observed Carum gairdneri has clear white corollas, a flat-topped umbel with the umbellets con- 

 tracting in fruit or closing up, while the corolla in C. kelloggii is dull white or sordid, the umbel 

 convex and the umbellets spreading in fruit. 



Locs. — Coast Ranges: San Luis Obispo, Condit; Cypress Point, Monterey, Jepson 14,219; 

 Oakland Hills, Jepson 14,221; Lake Lagunitas, Marin Co., Jepson 9498; Howell Mt., Jepson 

 1726 ; Ukiah, S. M. Barrett; Elk Mt., n. Lake Co., Tracy 2342 ; Eureka, Tracy 969 ; Sisson, Jepson 

 14,220 ; Yreka, Butler 925. Sierra Nevada: Little Tule River, Purpus 5632 ; Kelty Mdw., Madera 

 Co., Kennedy; Eagte Creek, Tuolumne Co., A. L. Grant 494; Kennedy Mdw., Tuolumne Co., 

 A. L. Grant 461; Duflield Canon, Soulsbyville, Jepson 7689; Dorringtou, Calaveras Co., Jepson 

 10,120; Riverton, Eldorado Co., K. Brandegee; Truckee, Sonne; Lake Independence, Jepson 

 8068 ; Sierra Valley, Jepson 8041 ; Butte Mdws., Heller 11,649 ; Martin Sprs., Eagle Lake, Brown 

 4" Wieslander 15 ; Big Valley, Lassen Co., M. S. Baker. 



Refs. — Carum gairdneri Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7:344 (1868) ; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 

 352 (1901), ed. 2, 296 (1911), Man. 708, fig. 688 (1925). Ataenia gairdneri H. & A. Bot. Beech. 

 349 (1840), type from Cal., Douglas. 



3. C. oreganum Wats. Squaw Potato. Resembling no. 2; leaves more di- 

 vided with shorter leaflets; bractlets lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, scarious; fruit 

 11/2 to 2 lines long; seed sulcate beneath the oil-tubes. 



Wet meadows or wet rocky slopes, 4000 to 5000 feet: Mt. Shasta (Contrib. 

 U. S. Nat. Herb. 7 :105). North to British Columbia. June- Aug. 



Refs. — Carum oreganum Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20:368 (1885), type loc. Wappatoo Isl., 

 Ore., Nuttall; Jepson, Man. 708 (1925). Ataenia oregana Greene, Pitt. 1:274 (1889). 



4. C. howellii C. & R. Meadow Spindle-root. Stem stoutish, 2V2 to 4% feet 

 high, arising from a heavy cluster of very stout very fibrous fusiform roots; leaves 

 bipinnate, mostly lanceolate in outline; leaflets crowded, broadly oblong to ovate, 

 acute, coarsely but sparingly serrate or sparingly incised, % to 1% inches long; 

 rays 16 to 40, % to 2% inches long in fruit; pedicels 2 to 5 lines long; bracts sev- 

 eral, narrowly lanceolate, reflexed, 8 to 12 lines long; bractlets similar, mostly re- 

 flexed, nearly as long as the pedicels, scarious-margined ; fruit 2 lines long ; ribs 

 thick-based, acute. 



