662 UMBEI.LIFERAE 



or less bracteose, very spiny at base ; forks of tlie cyme diverfreiit or eurved-ascend- 

 infjf ; heads remarkably "jflobose, mostly on short stout peduncles, 5 lines in diameter, 

 not exceeded by the bractlels except the terminal ones; bracts rijrid, spine-tipped 

 and pinnately spinose. sonunvhat scarious at base, 4 to nyo lines lon<i; bractlets 

 pinnately 2 or 3-spinose, with broad scarious margin at base, the margin 1 or 2- 

 spjjiose above ; lateral bractlets equalinpr the thnvers. the terminal ones much louf^er, 

 all falling with the fruit; sepals 1 line long, pinnately 3 to 5-spiny-toothed (rarely 

 entire), the apical spine 1/2 line long; styles scarcely exserted; fruit V/2 lines long. 



Dry (or in the spring, moist) flats, 300 to 1200 feet : Sierra Nevada foothills 

 from Fresno Co. to Tulare Co. and their bordering plains. May, fr. June- Aug. 



Locs. — Friant, Jepson 12,904 ; Hospital Rock, Kaweah River, W. Fry 302 ; Kaweah, Geo. B. 

 Grant 2894 (immature, some of the heads sessile) ; Lemon Cove, Jepson 558 (heads 6 to 7 lines 

 high ; bractlets witli 1 to 3 spines at upper edge of scarious margin, a little exceeding the head) ; 

 E.xeter. 



Var. medium Jepson. Bractlets conspicuously exserted from the heads, in this respect 

 approaching E. vaseyi. — Cathay foothills, Mariposa Co. (one individual with spiny main stem). 



Refs. — Eryngium globosum Jepson, Madrono 1:108 (1923), type loc. Exeter, Tulare Co., 

 E. Brandegee; Man. 697 (1925). Var. medium Jepson, Madrono 1:108 (1923), type loc. Cathay 

 foothUls, Mariposa Co., Jepson 8409; Man. 697 (1925). 



34. SANICULAL. Snake-root 

 Glabrous perennials with naked or few-leaved stems, usually much divided 

 leaves, and irregularly compound, few-rayed umbels. Involucres of leaf-like 

 toothed bracts. Involucels of small usually entire bractlets. Flowers greenish, 

 yellow or purple, of two sorts, perfect (fertile) and staminate (sterile), both kinds 

 in the same umbellet, the staminate often pedicelecl. Umbellets capitate and here 

 called "heads." Calj^x-teeth slightly foliaceous, persistent. Fruit subglobose or 

 obovoid, Avithout ribs, densely covered with tubercles which end in hooked prickles 

 (except nos. 10 and 11) . Oil-tubes many and irregularly distributed. — Species 35, 

 all continents except Australia. (Diminutive, derived from Latin sanare, to heal ; 

 certain species used in medicine.) 



A. Fruit pediceled or stipitate; leaves palmately lobed or divided; stem or stems from a 



stoutish taproot. 



Bractlets conspicuous, much exceeding the heads ; plants prostrate or decumbent ; coastal 



1. S. arctopoides. 

 Bractlets inconspicuous, not exceeding the heads; plants erect. 



Leaf-divisions broad, not toothed to the very base ; widespread and common 2. S. menziesii. 



Leaf -divisions narrow, decurrent below into a conspicuously toothed rachis ; S. Cal. mainly.... 



B. Fruit neither pediceled nor stipitate. ' ' " 



Stem or stems from the more or less thickened crown of a taproot. 



Flowers purple (yellow in the vars.) ; leaves bipinnatifid, the main divisions decurrent on 



the toothed rachis 4. S. bipinnatifida. 



Flowers yellow. 



Leaves entire or some 3-parted; San Francisco Bay 5. S. maritima. 



Leaves not entire. 



Leaves palmately cleft or divided, the main divisions confluent below ; coastal 



6. S. laciniata. 

 Leaves ternate, the main divisions on distinct petiolules ; montane. 



Plants low, the spreading peduncles arising in a cluster from near the base 



7. S. nevadensis. 



Plants erect, the peduncles arising singly along the stem 8. S. septentrionalis. 



Stems from a tuberous root. 



Leaves twice or thrice pinnate, of distinct small leaflets ; fruit tuberculate, the tubercles 

 tipped with hooked bristles; tuber vertically elongated; widespread species 



9. S. iipinnata. 

 Leaves twice or thrice ternate, then pinnately dissected. 



Tuber globose; fruit tuberculate, not bristly; flowers yellow; widespread species 



10. S. tuberosa. 

 Tuber elongated, fleshy, branched below; fruit with its upper tubercles tipped with 



bristles; flowers salmon-color; Mt. Diablo and Mt. Hamilton.... 11. S. saxatilis. 



