PARSLEY FAMILY 665 



Eefs. — Sanicula arguta Greene; C. & E. Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7:36 (1900), type loc. 

 San Diego, Pringle; Wolff in Engler, Pflzr. 4^:73 (1913) ; Jepson, Man. 699 (1925). 



4. S. bipinnatifida Dougl. Purple Sanicle. Plants i/^ to 1 foot high, the 

 herbage disposed to be purplish; taproot deep-seated, the root-crown bearing a 

 cluster of leaves and several stems which are leafy mainly or wholly toward the 

 base ; leaf -blades 1^ to 4 (or 7) inches long, mostly triangular in outline, pinnately 

 3 to 7-parted, the oblong or ovate divisions discrete, serrate, unequally toothed or 

 pinnately lobed, and decurrent on the rachis as a toothed wing ; petioles I14 to 2i/2 

 (or 4%) inches long; umbels irregular, with long or short rays, small leaf -like 

 bracts and small lanceolate bractlets ; flowers purple, the sterile pediceled, borne 

 in dense heads 2^/^ to 4 lines in diameter ; fruit covered all over or mostly at apex 

 with bristles, these pustulate-dilated at base. 



Grassy open slopes or open woods in the hills, 5 to 3500 feet : coastal Southern 

 California; Sierra Nevada foothills; Coast Ranges. North to British Columbia. 

 Apr. 



Geog. note. — Sanicula bipinnatifida is the most widely distributed and the most common 

 species of its genus in California. A characteristic vernal plant of the open grassy foothills, it 

 is also occasionally found in the rolling gravelly or clay plains of the Great Valley bordering the 

 foothills, but probably never occurs on its loamy flood plains. The leaves are unusually variable, 

 even for a Sanicula species, especially in size, shape and degree of toothing or segmentation of 

 the divisions. The divisions are usually distant or sometimes only discrete; the rachis wing is 

 very wide or very narrow (1% to 7 lines wide, including the teeth) and very variously toothed. 

 Fine segmentation of the leaves is more common in the Coast Eanges than in the Sierra Nevada 

 foothills. As to seedlings some of the earliest leaves are unsegmented and merely serrate. 



Locs. — S. Cal.: Cuyamaca Mts., Hall; El Cajon, T. Brandegee ; Banning, Oilman; San Ber- 

 nardino, Parish 1998 ; San Dimas, Chandler. Tehachapi Mts. : Eowen, Jepson 6712. Sierra 

 Nevada foothills : Lindsay, Tulare Co., Mum 9089 ; Eattlesnake Gulch, e. of Friant, Fresno Co., 

 Jepson 15,104; Northfork, Madera Co., Jepson 12,874; Guadalupe Mts., Mariposa Co., Jepson 

 10,739; Gwin Mine, Calaveras Co., Jepson 1782; Columbia, Tuolumne Co., Jepson 6289; lone, 

 Amador Co., Jepson 15,207 ; Auburn, M. E. P. Ames; Oroville, Heller 11,206 ; Goose Valley, Shasta 

 Co. M. S. BaTcer. Coast Eanges : Slack Creek, Monterey Co., Jepson 12,039 ; Paso Eobles, Gondii 

 228 ; San Juan grade, Ferris 7492 ; Coyote, Santa Clara Co., Jepson 14,182 ; Mt. Hamilton, Jepson 

 4212; Arroyo Mocho, s. Alameda Co., Jepson 10,681; Berkeley Hills, Anna Lewis 4" Jennie Eobin- 

 son; Chiles Creek, Napa Eange, Jepson 6267 ; Kelseyville, Lake Co., Irwin 28 ; Lodoga, w. Colusa 

 Co., Jepson 16,273; Bound Valley, ne. Mendocino Co., Westerman; Kneeland Prairie, Humboldt 

 Co., Tracy 3056. Great Valley: Tulare, Davy; Orosi, e. of Dinuba, E. P. Kelley; Calif a, Madera 

 Co., Jepson 15,164 ; Violet sta., nw. Solano Co., Jepson 1200 ; Fair Oaks, Sacramento Co., Bamaley 

 11,042; Eosewood, w. Tehama Co., Jepson 14,181; Eedding, BlanTcinship. 



Var. flava Jepson. Leaves mostly light green vrith broad primary divisions ( % to 1% inches 

 wide); flowers yellow. — Northern Sierra Nevada: betw. Clear Creek and Paradise, Butte Co., 

 Seller 4' Brown 5539 ; Kress, Nevada Co., Hall 4- Essig 10,196 ; New York Falls, Amador Co., ■ 

 Hansen 1298; Columbia, Tuolumne Co., A. L. Grant 681. 



Specimens erroneously labeled by E. L. Greene as S. nemoralis at about the time of publica- 

 tion by him of that name are unquestionably the form of S. bipinnatifida described in the Manual 

 as var. nemoralis Jepson which is here taken as the equivalent of var. flava. The true S. nemoralis 

 Greene is a form of S. septentrionalis Greene. 



Eefs. — Sanicula bipinnatifida Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1:258, t. 92 (1834), type loe. 

 Ft. Vancouver on the Columbia Eiver, Douglas, Scouler; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 345 (1901), 

 ed. 2, 290 (1911), Man. 699, fig. 678 (1925). Var. flava Jepson, Madrono 1:112 (1923), type 

 loc. Marston sta., Plumas Co., Heller 10,839; Man. 699 (1925). S. bipinnatifida var. nemoralis 

 Jepson, Madrono 1:112 (1923), Man. 699 (1925) ; not S. nemoralis Greene (1893). 



5. S. maritima Kell. Dobie Sanicle. Plants 10 to 12 inches high, the stout 

 stem from a much-thickened root ; basal leaves many, the blades elliptical to orbicu- 

 lar, entire or slightly serrate, 1 to 2I/2 inches long, on petioles 4 to 6 inches long ; 

 cauline leaves few, 3-parted into obovate or roundish divisions (as are sometimes 

 the basal leaves), with sub-entire or coarsely toothed margins; peduncles few, 

 elongated ; umbel with 1 to 4 rays 1 to 3^/2 inches long ; involucre of leaf -like bracts ; 

 involucel of many small lanceolate bractlets ; flowers yellow, the sterile ones short- 

 pediceled; fruit bristly, somewhat naked below, 1% lines long; seed-face concave 

 with a very prominent median longitudinal ridge. 



