86 THE GENUS CINCHONA. [part r. 



the segments of the calyx remain on the ripe 

 fruit, as they do in the genus Pyrus in Rosacese, 

 where they form what is called the eye in the 

 apple and pear. 



Tlie qualities of the Cinchona division of the 

 Rubiaceag are generally tonic ; but some of the 

 plants, as for example the Ipecacuanha, are 

 used as emetics, and one (Rcmdia dumetorum) is 

 poisonous. The qualities of the Galium division 

 are not so decidedly marked ; but the roots of 

 some of the plants are used for dyeing. 



THE GENUS CINCHONA, AND ITS ALLIES. 



The well-known medicine called Peruvian 

 bark is produced by three species of the genus 

 Cinchona ; the pale bark, which is considered 

 the best, being that of C. lanceolata. The flowers 

 of this species are small, and of a very pale pink. 

 The calyx (see a in fig. '^^) is bell-shaped, and 

 five-toothed ; and the corolla (Z*) is tubular, with 

 the limb divided into five lobes, and silky within, 

 as shown in the magnified section at c. The 

 stamens (d) have very short filaments, which 

 are inserted in the throat of the corolla. The 

 ovary (e), which is deeply furrowed when young, 

 is inclosed in the calyx ; it is two-celled, with a 

 single style, and a two-lobed stigma {f). The 

 capsules retain the lobes of the calyx as a sort 

 of crown (y) ; and they open naturally at the 



