94 THE GENUS GALIUM. [part i. 



The <antliers are inclosed in the corolla, and 

 the stigma, which is two-cleft, projects only a 

 little beyond them. The berries are two-celled 

 and two-seeded, and they retain the lobes of 

 the calyx. The root is fleshy and creeping. 

 Richardsonia scahra^ which produces the white 

 Ipecacuanha, has its flowers also in heads, but 

 the calyx is larger in proportion to the corolla, 

 and the stamens and style are both visible. 

 The capsule contains three or four one-seeded 

 nuts, crowned by the calyx ; which, however, 

 becomes loosened at the base, and falls off^, 

 before the seeds are quite ripe. Cephalanthus, 

 Spermacoce, and Crusea, are nearly allied to 

 Richardsonia. 



The above plants all agree, more or less, 

 with Cinchona, in their qualities, and they 

 are all included by Dr. Lindley in the order 

 Cinchonacese. 



THE GENUS GALIUM AND ITS ALLIES. 



The common Bedstraw {Galium vernum) is 

 a British weed, common in dry fields and on 

 little knolls, which produces its cluster of bright 

 yellow flowers in July and August. The flowers 

 are so small that it is difficult to examine 

 them in detail, but, by the aid of a microscope, 

 the ovary will be found to be inclosed in the 

 tube of the calyx as in the other Rubiacese, 



