CHAP, v.] 



THE GENUS GALIUM. 



95 



thoug-h the Ccalyx has hardly any limb. The 

 corolla is what is called rotate or wheel-shaped, 

 and its limb is divided into four segments. There 

 are four short stamens, with their filaments 

 inserted in the throat of the corolla, and two 

 very short styles. The fruit is a dry capsule 

 inclosinor two seeds. Thus far the construction 

 of the plant agrees with the other Rubiacese, but 

 the stem is square, and the leaves are different, 

 for they are without footstalks, and are disposed 

 in what is called a whorl (see Jig. 40). The 

 whorl, however, according 

 to Professor De Candolle, 

 does not consist entirely 

 of leaves; but of tw^o 

 opposite leaves and two 

 or more stipules, which 

 are so like the leaves as 

 scarcely to be distin- 

 guished from thera,though 

 upon close examination, 

 it will be found that the leaves have buds 

 in their axils (that is between them and the 

 stem), which the stipules have not. This theory 

 is not adopted by D\\ Lindley, who considers 

 the whorl to consist entirely of leaves, and to 

 be one of the distinctive marks of his order 

 GaHacese. 



All the plants in this division of Rubiacese 



Fio. 40. — Whorl op leaves 

 OF Bedstraw. [fial'mm vernum.) 



