104 CORYMBIFER^. [part i. 



united anthers ; c shows the hardened bracts 

 or palese, the other florets having been removed; 

 and d shows a fruit with a palea attached, mag- 

 nified. All the different kinds of thistle belong 

 to this division ; and though many of the kinds 

 have not the hardened bracts, they have all a 

 spiny involucre. The pappus of the thistle is 

 generally attached to a kind of disk, from which 

 it becomes loosened soon after the seed falls, 

 and this thistle, down, as it is cjlUed, being ex- 

 tremely light, is blown about by the winds. 

 All the thistles have fleshy roots, and take firm 

 hold of the soil. The Corn Blue-bottles {Cen- 

 taur ea), the Wild Safli'on (Carthamus tinctorid)^ 

 and many other well-known plants, belong to 

 this division. 



TRIBE III.— CORYMBIFER^. 

 Florets partly tubular and partly ligulate ; juice watery ; 

 sometimes bitter and tonic, and sometimes acrid. The seeds 

 of some of the species yield oil. 



The plants included in this tribe all bear 

 more or less resemblance to the common Daisy. 

 In this well-known flower, the white florets are 

 all ligulate, and compose what is called the ray, 

 and the yellow flowers, which are tubular, are 

 called the disk. The involucre is simple and 

 leafy, and the receptacle is conical. The seeds 

 are without pappus. The Chrysanthemum is 



