CHAP. XII.] CUPRESSINE^. 227 



become of a dark purple, and are covered with 

 a fine bloom. The Juniper berries are very- 

 fragrant, and the glands in their stones contain 

 a kind of oil. These berries when crushed are 

 used in making gin and hollands. 



There are a great many species of Juniperus, 

 but one of the most remarkable is the Red 

 Cedar {J. virgiiiiana). This is a tree forty feet 

 or forty-five feet high. The leaves, when young, 

 are scale-like ; but when older they become loose 

 and feathery, so that there are two kinds of leaves 

 on the same tree. The male and female flowers 

 are very small, and the berry is only two-seeded. 

 The sap-wood of this tree is quite white, but 

 the heart-wood is red, and it is used occasion- 

 ally for making black-lead pencils, particularly 

 those of the commoner kinds, though the Ber- 

 muda Juniper is preferred for the superior ones. 

 This last species {J. hermudiand) is rather 

 tender in England, and it is seldom grown in 

 this country. Its berries are of a dark red, and 

 they are produced at the ends of the branches ; 

 and the wood has so strong a fragrance that 

 shavings of it are put in drawers to keep away 

 moths. The Savin {J. SaMna), and several other 

 species, have the old leaves scale-like, as well as 

 those on the young wood. All the species have 

 berry-like fruit, which is generally purple or dark 

 red, and which varies principally in the number 

 q2 



