292 CARYOPHYLLACE^. [part ii. 



The genus Dianthus includes the Carnation, 

 the Pink {Dianthus phimarius)^ the Chinese 

 Pink (Z). sinensis)^ the Sweet WilHara (D. bar- 

 hatus), and many ornamental flowers. Of these 

 the Sweet AVilliam has the claws of its petals 

 bearded ; the flowers are produced in bundles or 

 fascicles ; and the calycine scales are so numer- 

 ous and awl-shaped, that they give a bristly 

 appearance to the flowers. The different species 

 of Soap-wort (Saponaria) differ from Dianthus, 

 in having no calycine scales ; and this is also 

 the case with the berry-bearing Campion (Cu- 

 culalus baccifer), the fruit of which is a fleshy 

 capsule or berry, which finally becomes black, 

 and has a singular appearance in the centre of 

 the cup-like calyx, which remains on till the 

 fruit is ripe. The flower of this plant is white, 

 and the petals have a two-cleft limb. All the 

 numerous species of Catchfly {Silene) are also 

 without calycine scales, and the petals are gene- 

 rally deeply tw^o-cleft ; but they are distin- 

 guished by having a crown of petal-like scales in 

 the throat of the corolla. There are also three 

 styles instead of two ; and the capsules are 

 three-celled at the base, ending in six teeth at 

 the top. The species have frequently a gluti- 

 nous frothy moisture on the stem, in which flies 

 sometimes become entangled, and hence the 

 English name of the genus. One species, the 



